干旱区研究

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2025 , Vol. 42 >Issue 3: 431 - 444

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13866/j.azr.2025.03.04

水土资源

基于遥感的土壤盐渍化风险评估及其演变规律

  • 强欣欢 ,
  • 高文文 ,
  • 王博 ,
  • 谭剑波 ,
  • 赵旦 ,
  • 闫世勇 ,
  • 隋立春
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  • 1.长安大学地质工程与测绘学院，陕西 西安 710054
    2.太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院，山西 太原 030024
    3.中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心，陕西 西安 710101
    4.秦岭—黄土高原过渡带水土要素耦合与生物资源保育野外观测研究站，陕西 渭南 714000
    5.自然资源部自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室，北京 100055
    6.长沙理工大学交通运输工程学院，湖南 长沙 410001
    7.中国科学院空天信息创新研究院遥感科学国家重点实验室，北京 100094
    8.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院，北京 100049
    9.中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院，江苏 徐州 221116
强欣欢（1999-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事生态遥感. E-mail: 2021126044@chd.edu.cn
高文文. E-mail: gaowenwen@tyut.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2024-09-12

  修回日期: 2024-11-19

  网络出版日期: 2025-03-17

基金资助

山西省基础研究计划青年项目(202203021212273);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20220882);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(KC20230013)

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Remote sensing-based risk assessment of soil salinization and its change over time

  • QIANG Xinhuan ,
  • GAO Wenwen ,
  • WANG Bo ,
  • TAN Jianbo ,
  • ZHAO Dan ,
  • YAN Shiyong ,
  • SUI Lichun
Expand
  • 1. School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
    2. School of Hydro Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
    3. Xi’an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710101, Shaanxi, China
    4. Qinling-Loess Plateau Transition Zone Observation and Research Station for Coupling of Soil and Water Elements and Conservation of Biological Resources, Weinan 714000, Shaanxi, China
    5. Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements, Beijing 100055, China
    6. School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410001, Hunan, China
    7. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
    8. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    9. School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China

Received date: 2024-09-12

  Revised date: 2024-11-19

  Online published: 2025-03-17

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摘要

土壤盐渍化风险评估监测对于精准治理盐渍土、保障农业与生态可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以大荔县为研究对象，依据土壤盐分驱动机理和过程，结合土壤盐分表征状态，利用CRITIC赋权法构建了综合盐分指数、综合土壤指数、综合植被指数和综合地理指数，并采用AHP-熵权法组合权重法构建土壤盐渍化风险评估模型。监测发现：大荔县土壤盐渍化风险主要以轻度为主，其中2021年盐渍化风险等级较高，中度及以上盐渍化风险总面积达到近4 a最大值，占比约为50%。2020—2023年土壤盐渍化风险等级变化特征以风险升级型为主，且东部的黄河流域周边土壤盐渍化风险等级稳定性较差。耕地是治理分区内预警区和修复区的主要土地覆被类型，主要分布在大荔县东部。通过相关性验证发现土壤盐渍化风险评估结果与同期实测土壤电导率样点之间呈显著强相关关系，土壤盐渍化风险评估模型能够有效地表征大荔县土壤盐渍化时空演变特征。此外，土壤盐渍化风险加重主要受集中强降雨、气温升高、地下水位升高、地表蒸散量增加、农业生产等多因素的影响。因此，大荔县土壤盐渍化风险评估能够为精准、高效地治理盐渍土提供科学的理论依据及数据支撑，有效地促进农业生产结构调整及生态可持续发展。

关键词： 土壤盐渍化; 遥感; 大荔县; 信息演变图谱; 组合权重法

本文引用格式

强欣欢 , 高文文 , 王博 , 谭剑波 , 赵旦 , 闫世勇 , 隋立春 . 基于遥感的土壤盐渍化风险评估及其演变规律[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025 , 42(3) : 431 -444 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.03.04

Abstract

Assessment of the risk of soil salinization and associated monitoring are particularly significant for the precise management of saline soil and to ensure sustainable agricultural development. Taking Dali County as a focus, this study used the CRITIC weighting method to construct a comprehensive salt index, comprehensive soil index, comprehensive vegetation index, and comprehensive geographical index based on the soil salt driving mechanism and process, combined with the characterized soil salt state. It also used the analytic hierarchy process-entropy combined weight method to construct a model for assessing the risk of soil salinization. Monitoring revealed that the risk of soil salinization in Dali County is mainly mild, although the level of salinization risk in 2021 was relatively high. Meanwhile, the total area with salinization risk that is moderate or above peaked in the last four years, accounting for approximately 50% of the total. From 2020 to 2023, the changes in the level of soil salinization risk mainly involved risk escalation, and the stability of the soil salinization risk level around the Yellow River Basin in the east was relatively poor. Cultivated land is the main land cover type in the warning zone and restoration zone within the saline soil management zoning and both warning zone and restoration zone are mainly distributed in the eastern part of Dali County. Upon efforts to confirm the findings by determining the correlations between the soil salinization risk assessment results and the soil conductivity samples measured in the same period, there was a significant strong correlation between them. The model for assessing the risk of soil salinization can effectively characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of soil salinization in Dali County. In addition, the increased risk of soil salinization was shown to be mainly associated with multiple factors such as concentrated heavy rainfall, rising temperatures, rising groundwater levels, increased surface evapotranspiration, and agricultural production. Therefore, assessment of the risk of soil salinization in Dali County can provide a theoretical and scientific basis and data support for the precise and efficient management of saline soils and effectively promote the adjustment of agricultural production structure and achieve ecologically sustainable agricultural development.

Key words： soil salinization; remote sensing; Dali County; information evolution map; combined weight method

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