利用1961—2023年昆仑山北坡国家气象站的降水资料和再分析资料，揭示了昆仑山北坡西段和中段暴雨的特征和差异。结果表明：（1）1961—2023年，昆仑山北坡西段和中段的暴雨日数及暴雨量均呈增加趋势，且西段增加得更显著；西段的累积暴雨日数和累积暴雨量均多于中段；但二者的极值雨量差异不大；西段在暖湿阶段的暴雨量多于暖干阶段，而中段则相反，二者对气候转型的响应程度不同。（2）暴雨日数和暴雨量的空间分布在昆仑山北坡西段均呈“东多西少”的特征，在中段则均呈“中间多两边少”的特征；平均暴雨量与累积暴雨量的空间分布在西段一致，在中段相反。（3）2010—2023年，昆仑山北坡超过90%的国家站都出现过短时强降水暴雨，该比例高于南疆平均值；西段整体（中段）以非短时（短时）强降水暴雨为主。昆仑山北坡暴雨的持续性较差，且夜雨居多，西段和中段暴雨的平均降水时数接近。（4）造成昆仑山北坡西段和中段暴雨的主要天气系统的典型配置相同，导致昆仑山北坡暴雨的精细落区预报难度加大。研究结果可加深对干旱区暴雨独特性的认识，并为提高昆仑山北坡暴雨防御能力提供参考。

The north slope of the Kunlun Mountains is an essential corridor for the construction of the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt. It is located in the inland arid zone of Northwest China, where torrential rains are sudden, short-lived, and disaster-heavy. In the actual forecasting operations, there are more empty reports and omissions of torrential rains in the north slope of the Kunlun Mountains, which leads to insufficient disaster defense in this region. This study used precipitation and reanalysis data from the national meteorological stations on the north slope of the Kunlun Mountains from 1961 to 2023 to reveal the characteristics of long-term changes in heavy rainfall in different regions of the north slope of the Kunlun Mountains and the differences in circulation. The results revealed that (1) from 1961 to 2023, the number of heavy rain days and the amount of heavy rainfall in the western and central sections of the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains exhibited an increasing trend, with the western section exhibiting a more pronounced increase. The cumulative number of heavy rain days and heavy rainfall in the western section was greater than in the central section. However, the difference in extreme rainfall amounts between the two sections was not significant. In the western section, the amount of heavy rainfall during the warm and humid phase was greater than that during the warm and dry phase, while the opposite was observed for the central section, indicating different levels of response to climate transitions. (2) the spatial distribution of heavy rain days and heavy rainfall volumes on the western section of the northern slope exhibited a characteristic of “more in the east and less in the west,” while the central section displayed a pattern of “more in the middle and less on the sides.” The spatial distribution of average heavy rainfall and cumulative heavy rainfall volumes is consistent in the western section but opposite in the central section. (3) over 90.0% of the stations on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains have experienced short-duration heavy rainfall events, which is higher than the average for southern Xinjiang; nonshort-duration heavy rainfall events predominantly characterize the western section (central section). The persistence of heavy rainfall events on the northern slope is relatively poor, with a majority occurring at night, and the average precipitation duration of heavy rainfall events in the western and central sections is similar. (4) the typical configuration of the main weather systems causing heavy rainfall in the western and central sections of the northern slope is the same, which increases the difficulty of precise forecasting for the fine-scale distribution of heavy rainfall in the Kunlun Mountains. The research findings can deepen our understanding of the uniqueness of heavy rainfall in arid regions and provide references for enhancing the defense capabilities against heavy rainfall on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains.