利用2021年4月下旬塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地激光雷达观测资料，结合ERA5再分析资料、HYSPLIT模式和环境监测及气象观测站的数据，分析沙尘气溶胶光学信息的垂直分布特征，对塔里木盆地大范围沙尘天气的产生原因、发展过程、潜在来源和传输路径进行探讨。结果表明：沙漠腹地在4月19日20:00—21日14:00和22日14:00—26日18:00出现了两次强沙尘天气过程，沙尘集中分布在0~5 km高度，0~2 km消光系数>0.3 km^-1；退偏比>0.6，远高于沙尘气溶胶的判定阈值0.31；两次沙尘天气过程均受高空低槽和地面冷空气共同影响，第一次沙尘天气过程主要由翻越天山的冷空气导致，喀什、和田和阿克苏均出现扬沙天气，和田PM₁₀浓度于22日达到峰值3763 μg·m^-3，沙尘来自盆地西部；第二次沙尘天气主要来源于盆地东北处的冷空气入侵，库尔勒和阿克苏的PM₁₀浓度于25-26日突增至1200 μg·m^-3以上，沙尘源区位于沙漠腹地、盆地东北部及北部；第二次沙尘天气过程的污染传输高度更高、持续时间更长且影响范围更广。沙漠腹地塔中尘源丰富，沙尘天气期间沙尘气溶胶垂直分布超过4 km，沙尘传输高度显著大于沙尘天气高发区和田和民丰。

Based on lidar observations combined with ERA5 reanalysis data, HYSPLIT trajectory model, environmental monitoring data and meteorological observations, we studied the vertical distribution of optical properties of dust aerosols in the Taklamakan hinterland in spring 2021. The formation, development processes, potential sources and transport pathways of large-scale aeolian dust weather in Tarim Basin were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that two strong dust processes occurred in the desert hinterland from 20:00 on April 19 to 14:00 on April 21 and from 14:00 on April 22 to 18:00 on April 26. Large amount of suspended dust particles were detected at the height of 0-5 km over the atmosphere. The extinction coefficient was above 0.3 km^-1, within 2 km of the surface, and the depolarization ratio was more than 0.6, which was much higher than the threshold value of 0.31. These two dust events were both affected by the low trough in the upper air and the ground cold air. The first dust weather event was mainly caused by cold air crossing over the Tianshan Mountains. Blowing dust weather occurred in Kashgar, Hotan and Aksu. The PM₁₀ concentration in Hotan reached a peak of 3763 µg·m^-3on April 22. And the dust source was from the western of the basin. The second dust weather event primarily resulted from cold air entering the basin from the northeast. The PM₁₀ concentration in Korla and Aksu cities increased sharply to 1200 µg·m^-3 from 25 to 26, April. Dust particles originated from the local sand, northeastern and northern of the basin. During the second dust weather process, dust particles were blown up and transported higher than before, and the air pollution lasts longer and is more widespread. The windblown dust can suspend above 4 km height during dust processes. The particles transport height was significantly higher than high-frequency areas of dust weather in Hotan and Minfeng.