灌木是新疆野果林森林群落结构的重要组成部分，对于维持生态系统多样性及其功能具有重要作用。以交吾托海、杏花沟、莫乎尔、大西沟4个野果林居群的灌木群落为研究对象，通过样地（林下、林窗、空地）和样线（样地与样地间、野果林分布的海拔上下线）调查法，探究灌木物种多样性和生态位。结果表明：（1） 在野果林共发现18科26属110种灌木，其中蔷薇科、蔷薇属和栒子属是野果林内的优势科属，科和属的分布区类型主要以世界广布和温带分布为主；重要值占比较大的是小檗属（黑果小檗）、忍冬属（小叶忍冬、新疆忍冬）和蔷薇属（弯刺蔷薇、疏花蔷薇）；各野果林居群内不同生境的灌木多样性系数无显著差异，从大西沟、莫乎尔、交吾托海至杏花沟，各居群的灌木多样性系数逐渐减小；（2） 交吾托海与莫乎尔的黑果小檗及杏花沟的小叶忍冬的生态位宽度最大，大西沟的黑果小檗的Levins生态位宽度和金丝桃叶绣线菊的Shannon-Winner生态位宽度最大，这些物种分布最广，资源利用与环境适应能力较强；野果林内生态位重叠指数<0.5种对占总种对的50%以上，对环境资源利用的相似性较低，种间竞争较弱；交吾托海、莫乎尔灌木总体呈不显著负联结，杏花沟、大西沟灌木总体呈不显著正联结，其均处于不稳定的演替前期。新疆野果林的灌木物种组成较为丰富，不同野果林居群的灌木物种组成及其多样性有显著差异，灌木种群处于不稳定阶段，这与野果林生态系统的整体功能密切相关。

Shrub is an important part of forest community structure in Xinjiang wild fruit forest and plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem diversity and function. In this article, shrub communities of 4 wild fruit forest populations in JWTH, XHG, MHE and DXG were studied, then the species diversity and ecological niche of shrub were investigated by the means of sample plots (understory, forest gap, open space) and transversal lines (elevation lines between plots and wild fruit forest distribution). The results indicated that: (1) In the wild fruit forest: 110 species belonging to 26 genera and 18 families were found (see Annex 1 in the list), among which Rosaceae, Rosa and Cotoneaster are the dominant families and genera in the wild fruit forest; the areal-types of its families and genera are mainly distributed in the world and temperate zone; the important value accounts for a large proportion were Berberis (Berberis atrocarpa), Lonicera (Lonicera microphylla, Lonicera tatarica) and Rosa (Rosa beggeriana, Rosa laxa). There was no significant difference in shrub diversity coefficient among different habitats of the same wild fruit forest population, and the shrub diversity among populations gradually decreases from DXG, MHE, JWTH to XHG. (2) For the niche width, both B_L and B_S of B. atrocarpa in JWTH and MHE, L. microphylla in XHG were the largest, B_L of B. atrocarpa in DXG had the largest Levins niche width and B_S of Spiraea hypericifolia had the largest Shannon-Winner niche width. These species were widely distributed with strong ability of resource utilization and environmental adaptation. Ecological niche overlapped, <0.5 species pairs accounted for more than 50% of the total species pairs in wild fruit forest, and the similarity of environmental resources utilization was low, with weak competition between species. The shrubs of JWTH and MHE showed no significant negative association, while the shrubs of XHG and DXG showed no significant positive association, all of which were in the unstable early stage of succession. Conclusion: Xinjiang wild fruit forest was found with rich shrub species composition, the shrub species composition and diversity of different wild fruit forest populations were significantly different, the shrub population also was in an unstable state in the wild fruit forest ecosystem, which is closely related to the overall function of the wild fruit forest ecosystem.