为确定深度节水背景下河套灌区农田地下水的化学特征与不同类型农田间的水盐迁移转化关系，选取河套灌区典型灌溉农田作为试验区，利用经典统计学、主成分分析与溶质动力学原理，分析典型灌溉农田浅层地下水离子与浅层地下水埋深变化特征，确定影响地下水水质的主要地下水特征因子；讨论作物种植前后土壤离子变化情况；运用定位通量法确定了地下水对不同类型农田间盐分的贡献，并建立水盐均衡模型。结果表明：（1） 浅层地下水阳离子以Na⁺+K⁺为主，占阳离子总量的53.22%，阴离子以SO₄^2-为主，占阴离子总量的41.04%，地下水主要化学类型为HCO₃·SO₄-Na型，通过主成分分析得出影响地下水水质的主要特征因子为TDS、Na⁺+K⁺、HCO₃^-、SO₄^2-。（2） 作物种植前后盐分积聚以NaCl和Na₂SO₄为主。（3） 不同类型田块的蒸散量不同，荒地、葵花地、玉米地的ET分别为422.6 mm、475.6 mm、625.8 mm。（4） 玉米、葵花、荒地土壤均处于积盐状态，通过水平渗透进入荒地的盐分为1924 kg·hm^-2，占荒地积盐量的22.00%。（5） 荒地与耕地存在盐分过渡带，荒地附近推荐种植葵花等耐盐性较好经济作物。研究可以为当地水资源高效利用、土壤盐渍化调控和农业可持续发展提供指导意义。

In this study, we aimed to investigate the chemical characteristics of groundwater in farmland within Hetao Irrigation District, focusing on deep water conservation and the relationship between water and salt migration among various types of farmland. Typical irrigated farmland in Hetao Irrigation District was selected as the study area, and an analysis was conducted on shallow groundwater ions and changes in groundwater levels using classical statistics, principal component analysis, and the principle of solute dynamics. The main factors affecting groundwater quality were identified, and the changes in soil ions before and after crop cultivation were examined. Furthermore, the contribution of groundwater to salt accumulation across different types of farmland was quantified, and a water-salt equilibrium model was developed using the locational flux method. The results revealed the following: (1) Shallow groundwater cations were dominated by Na⁺+K⁺, constituting 53.22% of total cations, while anions were dominated by SO₄^2-, making up 41.04% of total anions; thus, the principal chemical type of groundwater was classified as HCO₃·SO₄-Na, with key factors affecting groundwater quality identified as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Na⁺+K⁺, HCO₃^-, and SO₄^2- through principal component analysis. (2) Salt accumulation before and after crop cultivation was mainly comprised of NaCl and Na₂SO₄. (3) Evapotranspiration (ET) varied across different types of fields, with measurements of 422.6 mm for wasteland, 475.6 mm for sunflower fields, and 625.8 mm for maize fields. (4) Maize, sunflower, and wasteland soils exhibited salt accumulation, with horizontal infiltration contributing 1924 kg·hm^-2 of salt to wasteland, accounting for 22.00% of total salt accumulation. (5) There is a salt transition zone between wasteland and arable land, indicating the planting of salt-tolerant cash crops, such as sunflower, near wasteland to mitigate crop yield reductions due to high salinity levels. This study offers valuable insights into the efficient use of local water resources, soil salinity management, and sustainable agricultural development.