基于陕西省1990年、2000年、2010年、2020年土地利用数据，采用土地利用变化图谱、土地转移矩阵、地形位及分布指数等方法，分析“三生空间”用地转型过程及梯度分异特征，对全省国土空间优化、国土资源管理及耕地保护等具有重要意义。结果表明：（1） 陕西省生产、生活用地主要分布在关中地区，生态用地主要分布在陕北地区和陕南山区。（2） 1990—2020年土地利用转型较为剧烈，农业生产、其他生态用地面积净减少，工业生产、城镇和农村生活、林地生态、草地生态、水域生态用地面积净增加；变化剧烈程度呈现“陕北地区>关中地区>陕南山区”的空间分布特征。（3） 随着地形位增加，主导地类由“农业生产用地”—“农业生产用地、草地生态用地”—“林地、草地生态用地”过渡；农业和工业生产用地、城镇和农村生活用地、水域生态用地面积占比逐渐减少，林地生态用地占比逐渐增加，草地、其他生态用地占比先增后减。

Based on the land use data of Shaanxi Province in the year of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020, this study analyzed the process of production-living-ecological spaces transformation and its terrain gradient effects by using methods such as land use change map, land transfer matrix, terrain position, and distribution index, which is of great significance for the optimization of regional land space, land resources management, and cultivated land protection. The results showed that (1) Production and living land in Shaanxi Province were mainly distributed in the Guanzhong Region, while ecological land was distributed primarily in the Northern Shaanxi and Southern Shaanxi Mountainous Regions. (2) From 1990 to 2020, the different land types transformed significantly, with a net reduction in agricultural production and other ecological lands and a net increase in others. The intensity of changes showed a spatial distribution pattern of Northern Shaanxi>Guanzhong>Southern Shaanxi Mountainous Regions. (3) With the elevation of terrain level, the dominant land use type gradually transitioned from agricultural production land to grassland and forest ecological land. The proportion of agricultural and industrial production, urban and rural living, and water ecological lands gradually declined, the proportion of forest ecological land slowly increased, while the proportion of grassland and other ecological land first enhanced and then subsided.