探明干旱砾漠区不同微地貌单元土壤性状、真菌群落组成特征及其变化驱动因素，对于该区土壤真菌群落构建机制的理论研究和针对性生态损伤修复策略制定的实践指导具有重要意义。本文首先对比了干旱砾漠区4种微地貌单元（风蚀残丘、砾漠戈壁、河谷和风沙地）土壤理化性质、真菌α多样性及群落组成的变化特征，再结合不同微地貌单元植物群落特性和微气象因子测定，探究了各微地貌单元影响土壤真菌群落的主要生态因子。结果表明：（1） 干旱砾漠区土壤均为砂质土壤，其中风沙地砂粒含量最大且黏粒含量最小，而河谷土壤粒径组成则相反；河谷和砾漠戈壁之间土壤容重和有机质含量无显著差异但显著高于其他两种微地貌单元；河谷土壤可溶性盐含量显著低于其他微地貌单元21.4%，但土壤含水量显著高出39.3%；速效养分中除砾漠戈壁的速效氮与速效钾、风蚀残丘的速效磷含量显著较低外，其他微地貌单元速效养分并未表现出显著性差异。（2） 土壤真菌α多样性中，Shannon-Wiener指数、Pieloue指数和Simpson指数均表现为在风沙地显著降低而其他微地貌单元差异不明显，但Chao1多样性指数没有显著差异；真菌群落组成在门水平上，不同微地貌单元都以子囊菌门和担子菌门为优势菌门，其中子囊菌门在砾漠戈壁和风蚀残丘优势度最大，担子菌门在河谷占比最大；在属水平上，风蚀残丘的新凸轮孢菌属、暗茎草属，砾漠戈壁的新凸轮孢菌属、光黑壳，河谷的曲霉属、链格孢属，风沙地的金银花属、新凸轮孢菌属分别为各地貌单元土壤真菌群落优势属。（3） 土壤含水量、有机质、速效氮、可溶性盐是影响干旱砾漠区不同微地貌单元土壤真菌群落结构变化的共同关键因子，风沙地的土壤机械组成、风蚀残丘的地表温度、光辐射强度、砾漠戈壁的地表风速和河谷的地表植被生物量分别为各自地貌单元影响土壤真菌群落的差异化生态因子。

Exploring the characteristics of soil properties, fungal communities, and their driving factors in different microgeomorphic units in arid gravel desert areas is important for the study of fungal community construction mechanisms and practical guidance for targeted ecological damage restoration strategies. In this paper, the changes in soil physicochemical properties, fungal α diversity, and community composition of four microgeomorphic units (wind erosion residual hills, gravel desert Gobi, river valley, and wind sand land) in an arid gravel desert area were compared. The main factors affecting soil fungal communities in different microgeomorphological units in gravel desert areas were explored by combining plant characteristics and micrometeorological factors. Results showed that the soil in the arid gravel desert area was dominated by sandy soil, and wind sand land had the largest sandy content and the smallest clay content, which was contrary to the soil mechanical composition of the river valley. No significant difference in soil bulk density and organic matter content was found between the river valley and the gravel desert Gobi, but their soil bulk density and organic matter content were significantly higher than those of the other two microgeomorphic units. However, the soluble salt content of the river valley was 21.4%, which was significantly lower than that in other microgeomorphic units, but the soil water content was significantly higher by 39.3%. Except for the contents of available N, available K and available P in the gravel desert Gobi and wind erosion residual hills, no significant difference in the available nutrients was found in other microgeomorphological units. In addition, the α diversity of soil fungi, Shannon-Wiener index, Pieloue index, and Simpson index all showed a significant decrease in wind sand land, whereas no significant difference in other microgeomorphological units was found. However, the Chao1 index has no significant difference. At the phylum level, the dominant fungi phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota in different microgeomorphic units. Ascomycota has the largest dominance in the gravel desert Gobi and wind erosion residual hills, and Basidiomycota has the largest proportion in the river valley. At the genera level, Neocamarosporium and Subramaniu in the Wind erosion residual hill, Preussia and Neocamarosporium in the gravel desert Gobi, Aspergillus and Alternaria in the river valley, and Trichophaeopsis and Neocamarosporium in the wind sand land were the dominant genera of soil fungal communities in each geomorphic unit. Soil water content, organic matter, available N, and soluble salts were the common key factors affecting the changes in soil fungal community structure in different microgeomorphic units in an arid gravel desert area. Furthermore, the soil mechanical composition in wind sand land, surface temperature and light radiation intensity of wind erosion residual hills, surface wind speed of gravel desert Gobi, and surface vegetation biomass of river valley were the differentiated ecological factors affecting soil fungal community in each geomorphic unit.