干旱区研究

干旱区研究 >

2023 , Vol. 40 >Issue 7: 1040 - 1051

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13866/j.azr.2023.07.02

天气与气候

近20 a新疆阿尔泰山积雪时空变化及其影响因素

  • 李虹 ,
  • 李忠勤 ,
  • 陈普晨 ,
  • 彭加加
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  • 1.西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院，冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/天山冰川站，甘肃 兰州 730000
    3.石河子大学理学院，新疆 石河子 832003
李虹（2000-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事积雪遥感研究. E-mail: 309762192@qq.com

收稿日期: 2023-03-03

  修回日期: 2023-05-19

  网络出版日期: 2023-08-01

基金资助

新疆第三次科学考察(2022xjkk0802);国家自然科学基金创新课题(41721091);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20020102);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20060201);国家自然科学基金项目(41471058)

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Spatio-temporal variation of snow cover in Altai Mountains of Xinjiang in recent 20 years and its influencing factors

  • Hong LI ,
  • Zhongqin LI ,
  • Puchen CHEN ,
  • Jiajia PENG
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  • 1. College of Geography and Environment Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Tianshan Glaciological Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
    3. College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China

Received date: 2023-03-03

  Revised date: 2023-05-19

  Online published: 2023-08-01

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摘要

基于2001—2020年新疆阿尔泰山的MOD10A2积雪产品数据，结合DEM及气象数据，分析近20 a阿尔泰山积雪时空变化特征及地形、气象因素对积雪覆盖的影响。结果表明：（1） 年均积雪覆盖率（SCP）年际变化总体呈不显著减少趋势，变化率为-0.88%·(10a)-1。积雪变化具有明显季节性，其中秋季呈增加趋势，冬季呈显著减小趋势。年内积雪从10月开始积累，1月SCP值达到最大。（2） SCP与海拔呈正相关关系。不同坡向区域的SCP区别较大，最高值是西北坡，为28.45%，南坡最低，为18.36%。（3） 积雪覆盖频率（SCF）整体呈现出东北高、西南低的分布格局，与海拔呈显著正相关，其中有67.65%的区域SCF呈减少趋势。高山区SCF呈上升趋势而平原及河流区呈下降趋势。（4） 气温是影响新疆阿尔泰山积雪变化的主要因素，与SCF呈显著负相关。随着海拔逐渐升高，气温对积雪的影响逐渐减小。新疆阿尔泰山年均降水量呈现从西北部向东南部逐渐降低的空间分布特征，SCF与降水量总体呈正相关。

关键词： 积雪; MOD10A2; 时空变化; 气象因子; 新疆阿尔泰山

本文引用格式

李虹 , 李忠勤 , 陈普晨 , 彭加加 . 近20 a新疆阿尔泰山积雪时空变化及其影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023 , 40(7) : 1040 -1051 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.07.02

Abstract

Using MOD10A2 snow product data from 2001 to 2020, along with digital elevation and meteorological data, the spatiotemporal variation of snow cover in the Altai Mountains, Xinjiang, and the influence of topographic and meteorological factors over this period were analyzed. The results indicated the following. (1) Snow cover percentage (SCP) in the Altai Mountains of Xinjiang exhibited a decreasing overall trend from 2001 to 2020, with the lowest and highest values observed in 2007 and 2010, respectively, and a variation rate of -5.69%·(10a)-1. Troughs were observed throughout the year, with maximum and minimum troughs in January and July, respectively. Seasonally, SCP increased in fall and decreased in the other three seasons. The uneven distribution of climate conditions, including temperature and precipitation, caused fluctuations in the timing of maximum annual snow cover occurrence. The Altai annual SCP reached its peak between 96.45% and 99.92%, primarily observed in January and December. The lowest coverage range was 0.84%-2.27%, which occurred in July and August. (2) SCP showed a positive correlation with altitude, with lower SCP values below 500 m (average of 8.11%) and higher values above 2000 m (average of 99.08% in an area with stable snow cover all year round). SCP varied depending on the slope, with the northwest slope exhibiting the highest values (28.45%) and the south slope showing the lowest values (18.36%). (3) Land surface temperature exhibited higher and lower distributions in the northeast and southwest, respectively, and was significantly positively correlated with altitude. Moreover, 67.65% of the Altai Mountain region showed a downward trend in snow cover frequency (SCF) from 2001 to 2020. High mountain areas experienced increasing SCF, whereas plain and river areas exhibited decreasing SCF. (4) Temperature was the main factor influencing snow cover change, being negatively correlated with SCF over 9.08 × 103 km2 (80.52% of the total Altai Mountain area). Therefore, as altitude increases, the impact of temperature on snow cover gradually diminishes. Annual average precipitation in Altai decreased gradually from northwest to southeast, and precipitation was positively correlated with 87.14% of regional SCF, with a weakened effect on SCF changes observed in high-altitude mountain areas and a more significant correlation observed in low-altitude areas.

Key words： snow cover; MOD10A2; spatial-temporal variation; meteorological factors; Altai Mountain of Xinjiang

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