和田市空气质量特征及潜在健康效应
收稿日期: 2022-08-20
修回日期: 2022-10-03
网络出版日期: 2023-03-31
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(32160367);国家自然科学基金项目(31770750)
Air quality characteristics and its potential health effects in Hotan City
Received date: 2022-08-20
Revised date: 2022-10-03
Online published: 2023-03-31
利用和田市2016—2021年的空气质量历史数据,分析PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO、O3-8H等空气污染物浓度和空气质量指数(Air Quality Index,AQI)的分布特征及其相关性,探讨空气质量与潜在人体健康效应的关系。结果表明:2016—2021年和田市两个空气污染监测点O3-8H浓度呈倒“U”型变化趋势,其余各污染物浓度则呈“U”型曲线分布特征;PM2.5和PM10是全年的主要污染物,其浓度在春季相对较高,SO2、NO2浓度在秋冬季相对较高,CO浓度则在冬季达到最高,O3-8H浓度在夏季相对较高;2016—2021年PM2.5浓度有所下降,PM10浓度有所上升,SO2浓度有所下降,空气质量总体未明显改善;和田市空气质量指数AQI值高于国家二级水平,空气质量全年以轻度污染为主,空气质量处于“不健康”状态时期远高于“健康”状态时期,对居民身心健康潜在危害较高。
关键词: PM2.5细颗粒污染物; 空气质量指数; 健康效应; 和田市
王娜 , 塔依尔江·艾山 , 玉米提·哈力克 , 王慧娟 , 买尔哈巴·吾买尔 . 和田市空气质量特征及潜在健康效应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023 , 40(3) : 349 -357 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.03.02
The status of air pollution in China has been recognized as a serious health concern in numerous academic circles. Air quality is an important factor for defining air pollution, and main pollutants used to evaluate its quality, include PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3. Hotan is one of the oasis cities with severe air pollution crisis. The located in the southwest edge of Taklimakan Desert in the southernmost part of the Northwest Xinjiang province in China. The soil structure in this area is loose, dust storms are frequent, and particles carried by dust storms are heavily deposited, which result in an increase in the concentration of pollutants. Therefore, the air Pollution caused by these particles results in severe challenges. Different types of air pollutants have varied hazards to human health, for example, PM2.5 and PM10, which are the main air pollutants in Hotan City, cause serious human respiratory tract infections, and their sources are extensive, hazardious, and difficult to eliminate. The rapid economic development in recent years and the accelerated urbanization have aggravated the deterioration of air quality in Hotan City, posing a great threat to the physical and mental health of local residents. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of air quality and its potential health effects in Hotan City is crucial for controlling urban air pollution and improving local ecological environment. This study used the historical air quality data in Hotan from 2016 to 2021 to analyze the distribution characteristics of pollutants, to determine the relationship between air quality and potential human health effects, and to evaluate the correlation between pollution levels and air pollutants, such as PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, O3-8H, and AQI. The results showed that between 2016 and 2021, the concentration of O3-8H in two air pollution monitoring points in Hotan had an inverted U-shaped trend, while the concentration of other pollutants showed a U-shaped curve distribution. PM2.5 and PM10 were detected as the main pollutants throughout the year, and their concentrations were relatively high in spring. In addition, concentrations of SO2 and NO2 were high in autumn and winter, while those of CO and O3-8H were high in winter and summer, respectively. During the study period, the concentration of PM2.5 and SO2 decreased, while that of PM10 increased, but the overall air quality did not show significant improvement. The AQI value of air quality index in Hotan City was higher than the national second class level, and its value during the “unhealthy” air quality period was much higher than that during the “healthy” air quality, which suggested a high harmful potential to the physical and mental health of residents.
[1] | 张中祥, 曹欢. “2+26”城市雾霾治理政策效果评估[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2022, 32(2): 26-36. |
[1] | [Zhang Zhongxiang, Cao Huan. Quantitative assessment of the effects of the air pollution control policy in the ‘2+26’ cities[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2022, 32(2): 26-36.] |
[2] | Zheng S, Wang J, Sun C, et al. Air pollution lowers Chinese urbanites’ expressed happiness on social media[J]. Nature Human Behaviour, 2019, 3(3): 237-243. |
[3] | Plaia A, Ruggieri M. Air quality indices: A review[J]. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 2011, 10(2): 165-179. |
[4] | Shaddick G, Thomas M L, Mudu P, et al. Half the world’s population are exposed to increasing air pollution[J]. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 2020, 23(3): s41612-020-0124-2. |
[5] | 赵海莉, 原悦, 李晓芹, 等. 兰州市西固区大气污染对呼吸系统的健康效应[J]. 生态学报, 2022, 42(11): 4603-4616. |
[5] | [Zhao Haili, Yuan Yue, Li Xiaoqin, et al. Health effects of air pollution on respiratory system in Xigu District of Lanzhou City[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2022, 42(11): 4603-4616.] |
[6] | Dehbi H M, Blangiardo M, Gulliver J, et al. Air pollution and cardiovascular mortality with over 25 years follow-up: A combined analysis of two British cohorts[J]. Environment International, 2017, 99: 275-281. |
[7] | Zhu Y, Xie J, Huang F, et al. The mediating effect of air quality on the association between human mobility and COVID-19 infection in China[J]. Environmental Research, 2020, 189: 109911. |
[8] | Zhu Y, Xie J, Huang F, et al. Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 infection: Evidence from China[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2020, 727: 138704. |
[9] | Wang H, Ma J, He Q. Mass concentration and composition of TSP in Kashgar, Xinjiang, China[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2015, 8(9): 6723-6730. |
[10] | 买买提阿布都拉·依米尔, 阿依夏木古丽·买买提, 沙依然·外力, 等. 和田地区沙尘暴时间分布及变化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(5): 1306-1317. |
[10] | [Mamatabdulla Emer, Ayxamgul Mamat, Sayran Wayli, et al. Temporal distribution and variation characteristics of sandstorms in Hotan Prefecture[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(5): 1306-1317.] |
[11] | 张向敏, 罗燊, 李星明, 等. 中国空气质量时空变化特征[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(2): 190-199. |
[11] | [Zhang Xiangmin, Luo Shen, Li Xingming, et al. Spatio-temporal variation features of air quality in China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2020, 40(2): 190-199.] |
[12] | 庞瑞秋, 胡宁, 魏冶. 基于多源数据的新疆人居环境质量评价[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(12): 2127-2137. |
[12] | [Pang Ruiqiu, Hu Ning, Wei Ye. Evaluation of quality for human settlement in Xinjiang based on multi-source data[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2021, 41(12): 2127-2137.] |
[13] | 尹晓梅, 李梓铭, 熊亚军, 等. 2014—2017北京市气象条件和人为排放变化对空气质量改善的贡献评估[J]. 环境科学, 2019, 40(3): 1011-1023. |
[13] | [Yin Xiaomei, Li Ziming, Xiong Yajun, et al. Contribution assessment of meteorology conditions and emission change for air quality improvement in Beijing during 2014-2017[J]. Environmental Science, 2019, 40(3): 1011-1023.] |
[14] | 孟祥瑞, 张凯山. 成都市道路移动源减排对空气质量的短期影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 2021, 41(4): 1250-1258. |
[14] | [Meng Xiangrui, Zhang Kaishan. The short-term effect of on-road vehicle emissions reduction on air quality in Chengdu[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2021, 41(4): 1250-1258.] |
[15] | 武文琪, 张凯山. 区域气象条件和减排对空气质量改善的贡献评估[J]. 环境科学, 2021, 42(2): 523-533. |
[15] | [Wu Wenqi, Zhang Kaishan. Contributions of emissions reduction and regional meteorological conditions to air quality improvement[J]. Environmental Science, 2021, 42(2): 523-533.] |
[16] | 买买提阿布都拉·依米尔, 布帕提曼·艾拜都拉, 陈天宇, 等. 新疆和田绿洲空气质量状况与气象条件的关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(1): 46-57. |
[16] | [Maimaitiabudoula Yimier, Bupatiman Aibaidoula, Chen Tianyu, et al. Relationship between air quality status and meteorological conditions in Hotan Oasis, Xinjiang, China[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(1): 46-57.] |
[17] | 苏吾比努尔·热克甫, 玉散·吐拉甫, 迪丽努尔·塔力甫, 等. 和田市城区PM2.5化学组成特征及来源分析[J]. 环境科学研究, 2018, 31(5): 823-833. |
[17] | [Suwubinuer Rekefu, Yusan Turap, Dilnur Talip, et al. Chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5 in urban area of Hotan City, China[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2018, 31(5): 823-833.] |
[18] | 鲍昱璇, 谢海燕, 张一龙, 等. 和田市夏季PM2.5、PM10元素污染特征及健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2022, 45(1): 154-162. |
[18] | [Bao Yuxuan, Xie Haiyan, Zhang Yilong, et al. PM2.5 and PM10 pollution characteristics during summer in Hotan City and relevant health risk assessment[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2022, 45(1): 154-162.] |
[19] | 艾沙江·艾力, 梁菲菲, 徐海量, 等. 和田绿洲沙尘暴物质输送路径及其对大气环境质量的影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 2020, 40(8): 2882-2891. |
[19] | [Aishajiang Aili, Liang Feifei, Xu Hailiang, et al. Transport pathway of dust storm and its impact on air quality in Hetian Oasis[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2020, 40(8): 2882-2891.] |
[20] | 孟露, 赵天良, 何清, 等. 近30 a塔里木盆地浮尘天气及持续浮尘滞空的气候特征[J]. 气象学报, 2022, 80(2): 322-333. |
[20] | [Meng Lu, Zhao Tianliang, He Qing, et al. 2022. Climatic characteristics of floating dust and persistent floating dust over the Tarim basin in the recent 30 years[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2022, 80(2): 322-333.] |
[21] | 环境保护部. 环境空气质量指数(AQI)技术规定(试行) (HJ 633-2012)[S]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2016. |
[21] | [Ministry of Environmental Protection. Ambient Air Quality Index (AQI) Technical Provisions (Trial Implementation) (HJ 633-2012)[S]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2016.] |
[22] | 吴梅, 汤万龙, 何亚平. 南疆典型城市环境质量与风向特征分析[J]. 沙漠与绿洲气象, 2018, 12(1): 37-43. |
[22] | [Wu Mei, Tang Wanlong, He Yaping. Analysis of environmental quality and wind direction characteristics of the typical cities in southern Xinjiang[J]. Desert and Oasis Meteorology, 2018, 12(1): 37-43.] |
[23] | 孙鸣婧, 李霞, 赵克明, 等. 基于探空数据的新疆大气扩散条件时空分布特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(1): 113-121. |
[23] | [Sun Mingjing, Li Xia, Zhao Keming, et al. Spatial and temporal characteristics of atmospheric diffusion conditions in Xinjiang based on radiosonde data[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(1): 113-121.] |
[24] | 贾瑞, 刘玉芝, 吴楚樵, 等. 2007—2017年中国沙尘气溶胶的三维分布特征及输送过程[J]. 中国沙漠, 2019, 39(6): 108-117. |
[24] | [Jia Rui, Liu Yuzhi, Wu Chuqiao, et al. Three-dimensional distribution and transport process of dust aerosols over China from 2007 to 2017[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2019, 39(6): 108-117.] |
[25] | 张小啸, 陈曦, 王自发, 等. 新疆和田绿洲大气降尘和PM10浓度变化特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2015, 38(3): 454-462. |
[25] | [Zhang Xiaoxiao, Chen Xi, Wang Zifa, et al. Variation characteristics of atmospheric dustfall and PM10 concentration in Hotan Oasis, Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2015, 38(3): 454-462.] |
[26] | 徐兰, 李少宁, 鲁绍伟, 等. 森林吸滞大气气态污染物研究进展[J]. 世界林业研究, 2018, 31(6): 25-30. |
[26] | [Xu Lan, Li Shaoning, Lu Shaowei. Research advances in forest absorption of gaseous air pollutants[J]. World Forestry Research, 2018, 31(6): 25-30.] |
[27] | 任春艳, 吴殿廷, 董锁成, 等. 西北地区城市化与空气质量变化关系研究[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 41(2): 204-208. |
[27] | [Ren Chunyan, Wu Dianting, Dong Suocheng, et al. A study on the relationship between urbanization and air qualities in the Northwest region of China[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 2005, 41(2): 204-208.] |
[28] | 卡吾恰提·白山, 王雪梅, 黄晓宇. 和田市生态环境质量时空演变分析[J]. 西南农业学报, 2022, 35(2): 453-462. |
[28] | [Kawuqiati Baishan, Wang Xuemei, Huang Xiaoyu. Analysis of temporal and spatial evolution of ecological environment quality in Hotan City[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 35(2): 453-462.] |
[29] | Gu H, Cao Y, Elahi E, et al. Human health damages related to air pollution in China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019, 26(13): 13115-13125. |
[30] | Liu W, Xu Z, Yang T. Health effects of air pollution in China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2018, 15(7): 1471. |
/
〈 | 〉 |