利用和田市2016—2021年的空气质量历史数据，分析PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、CO、O₃-8H等空气污染物浓度和空气质量指数（Air Quality Index，AQI）的分布特征及其相关性，探讨空气质量与潜在人体健康效应的关系。结果表明：2016—2021年和田市两个空气污染监测点O₃-8H浓度呈倒“U”型变化趋势，其余各污染物浓度则呈“U”型曲线分布特征；PM_2.5和PM₁₀是全年的主要污染物，其浓度在春季相对较高，SO₂、NO₂浓度在秋冬季相对较高，CO浓度则在冬季达到最高，O₃-8H浓度在夏季相对较高；2016—2021年PM_2.5浓度有所下降，PM₁₀浓度有所上升，SO₂浓度有所下降，空气质量总体未明显改善；和田市空气质量指数AQI值高于国家二级水平，空气质量全年以轻度污染为主，空气质量处于“不健康”状态时期远高于“健康”状态时期，对居民身心健康潜在危害较高。

The status of air pollution in China has been recognized as a serious health concern in numerous academic circles. Air quality is an important factor for defining air pollution, and main pollutants used to evaluate its quality, include PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, CO, and O₃. Hotan is one of the oasis cities with severe air pollution crisis. The located in the southwest edge of Taklimakan Desert in the southernmost part of the Northwest Xinjiang province in China. The soil structure in this area is loose, dust storms are frequent, and particles carried by dust storms are heavily deposited, which result in an increase in the concentration of pollutants. Therefore, the air Pollution caused by these particles results in severe challenges. Different types of air pollutants have varied hazards to human health, for example, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, which are the main air pollutants in Hotan City, cause serious human respiratory tract infections, and their sources are extensive, hazardious, and difficult to eliminate. The rapid economic development in recent years and the accelerated urbanization have aggravated the deterioration of air quality in Hotan City, posing a great threat to the physical and mental health of local residents. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of air quality and its potential health effects in Hotan City is crucial for controlling urban air pollution and improving local ecological environment. This study used the historical air quality data in Hotan from 2016 to 2021 to analyze the distribution characteristics of pollutants, to determine the relationship between air quality and potential human health effects, and to evaluate the correlation between pollution levels and air pollutants, such as PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃-8H, and AQI. The results showed that between 2016 and 2021, the concentration of O₃-8H in two air pollution monitoring points in Hotan had an inverted U-shaped trend, while the concentration of other pollutants showed a U-shaped curve distribution. PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were detected as the main pollutants throughout the year, and their concentrations were relatively high in spring. In addition, concentrations of SO₂ and NO₂ were high in autumn and winter, while those of CO and O₃-8H were high in winter and summer, respectively. During the study period, the concentration of PM_2.5 and SO₂ decreased, while that of PM₁₀ increased, but the overall air quality did not show significant improvement. The AQI value of air quality index in Hotan City was higher than the national second class level, and its value during the “unhealthy” air quality period was much higher than that during the “healthy” air quality, which suggested a high harmful potential to the physical and mental health of residents.