干旱区研究

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2022 , Vol. 39 >Issue 4: 1200 - 1211

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13866/j.azr.2022.04.21

土壤生态

近20 a蒙古国土壤风蚀变化特征及主要影响因素分析

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  • 1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所国家荒漠-绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所塔克拉玛干沙漠研究站,新疆 库尔勒 841000
    4.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所莫索湾沙漠研究站,新疆 石河子 832000
郭茵（1994-）,女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为水土保持与荒漠化防治研究. E-mail: guoyin19@mails.ucas.ac.cn

收稿日期: 2021-11-18

  修回日期: 2022-02-21

  网络出版日期: 2022-09-26

基金资助

国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项“中蒙草场荒漠化防治技术合作研究与示范”(2017YFE0109200);中国科学院A类战略性科技先导专项子课题(XDA2003020201);中国科学院王宽诚率先人才计划“产研人才扶持项目”共同资助

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Soil wind erosion characteristics and main influencing factors in Mongolia in recent 20 years

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  • 1. National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3. Taklimakan Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China
    4. Mosuowan Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China

Received date: 2021-11-18

  Revised date: 2022-02-21

  Online published: 2022-09-26

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摘要

蒙古国风蚀沙漠化严重,成为世界主要的沙尘源地之一,为了深入了解蒙古国全域风蚀时空变化特征,利用蒙古国境内的GLDAS、OLM、MOD13Q1、NASA-SRTM等气象和遥感数据,基于GEE（Google Earth Engine）云计算平台,利用RWEQ模型计算了蒙古国土壤风蚀量和时空变化规律,分析了土壤风蚀的主要影响因素及作用机制。结果表明：（1） 自2001—2020年,蒙古国土壤风蚀呈北部低、南部高的空间分布格局;土壤风蚀主要发生在春季,风蚀量占全年的45%;近20 a土壤风蚀量总体上呈显著增加趋势,风蚀模数以0.06 t·hm-2·a-1的速度增长。（2） 蒙古国土壤风蚀变化整体上与气候因子及由其引起的植被盖度变化有关,与放牧、耕地开垦等人为活动增强有密切关系。研究结果可为蒙古国风蚀沙漠化防治提供重要的科学参考。

关键词： RWEQ模型; 土壤风蚀; 影响因素; 蒙古国

本文引用格式

郭茵,雷加强,范敬龙,王海峰,吕振涛 . 近20 a蒙古国土壤风蚀变化特征及主要影响因素分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022 , 39(4) : 1200 -1211 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.04.21

Abstract

The accurate evaluation of wind erosion dynamics is important to reduce the damage caused by wind erosion in Mongolia. In this study, we used GLDAS, OLM, MOD13Q1, NASA-SRTM, and other meteorological and remote sensing data and the revised wind erosion equation model on the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform to explore the spatio-temporal dynamics of soil wind erosion in Mongolia from 2001 to 2020. Results showed that wind erosion modulus had a significantly increased trend during the study period. In general, soil wind erosion tended to increase significantly over the last 20 years with the modulus of wind erosion increasing at a rate of 0.06 t·hm-2·a-1. Spatially, wind erosion was strong in the southern regions and weak in the northern regions. Meanwhile, wind erosion in spring accounted for 45% of the whole year. Changes in soil wind erosion in Mongolia were by and large identified with climatic factors and changes in vegetation cover, but they were also firmly identified with expanded anthropogenic exercises, for example, overgrazing and development of arable land. This study will provide a comprehensive understanding of the development trend of wind erosion desertification in Mongolia and a reference value to study dust storm in East Asia.

Key words： RWEQ model; wind erosion; influencing factors; Mongolia

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