陇东地区油污土壤紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）和金鸡菊（Coreopsis lanceolata）——植物修复效应比较

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.03.18

干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 853-862.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.03.18

陇东地区油污土壤紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）和金鸡菊（Coreopsis lanceolata）——植物修复效应比较

井明博^1,²(),王金成^1,^2,³,张威³,周立辉⁴,张绍鹏⁵

1.陇东学院生命科学与技术学院,甘肃庆阳 745000
2.甘肃省陇东生物资源保护利用与生态修复重点实验室陇东学院,甘肃庆阳 745000
3.甘肃省极端环境微生物资源与工程重点实验室中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃兰州 730000
4.安全环保技术研究所长庆油田公司油气工艺研究院,陕西西安 710021
5.中国石油天然气股份有限公司长庆油田分公司第十一采油厂,甘肃庆阳 745000

收稿日期:2021-11-12 修回日期:2021-12-22 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2022-05-30
作者简介:井明博（1981-）,女,副教授,主要从事应用微生物学及污染生态学领域研究工作. E-mail: ldxywjc@163.com
基金资助:
甘肃省自然基金项目(21JR1RM333);国家自然科学基金项目(31860148);甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(20JR5RA548);2020年甘肃省省委组织部陇原青年创新创业项目;陇东学院博士基金项目(XYBY1909);庆阳市科技人才专项计划项目(2022-0408-RCZX-001)

Comparison of phytoremediation effects of Medicago sativa and Coreopsis basalis on crude-oil-contaminated soil in eastern Gansu Province

JING Mingbo^1,²(),WANG Jincheng^1,^2,³,ZHANG Wei³,ZHOU Lihui⁴,ZHANG Shaopeng⁵

1. College of Life Science and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China
2. Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China
3. Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
4. Institute of Safety and Environmental Protection Technology, Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi, China
5. No. 11 Oil Production Plant, Changqing Oilfield Company, CNPC, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China

Received:2021-11-12 Revised:2021-12-22 Online:2022-05-15 Published:2022-05-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对陇东黄土高原地区油污土壤紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）和金鸡菊（Coreopsis lanceolata）植物修复效应进行分析比较。经5个月场地修复试验,相关植物生理、土壤理化及微生物指标分析结果表明：（1）金鸡菊和紫花苜蓿根区土壤总石油烃（Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons, TPH）去除率最高可达75.33%和69.88%;（2） 7%和9%油污土壤对金鸡菊生理特性的抑制作用相对较小,且其根区土壤pH、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于紫花苜蓿（P<0.05）;（3）金鸡菊根区土壤中食烷菌属（Alcanivorax）、嗜盐单胞菌（Halomonas）和类诺卡氏菌属（Nocardioides）等相对丰度显著高于紫花苜蓿（P<0.05）;（4）油污浓度增加抑制了紫花苜蓿植物生理进而限制其根区TPH去除率,而土壤理化和微生物的共同作用使得金鸡菊根区土壤TPH去除率高于紫花苜蓿。

关键词: 原油污染土壤, 紫花苜蓿, 金鸡菊, 植物修复, 陇东地区

Abstract:

Phytoremediation is the most eco-friendly, economically sustainable, cost-effective technology available for the biodegradation of soil pollutants, while crude-oil-contaminated soil is susceptible to many factors in the process of phytoremediation, including climatic conditions, landform and soil properties, etc. The main properties of the Loess Plateau are high degree of salinization, an arid, and lack of soil fertility, thereby there are obvious regional vegetation distribution in this area. Compositae have strong drought resistance and tolerance and it is a ubiquitous plant growing wild and widely distributed throughout Northwest China. However, the phytoremediation effect of crude oil contaminated soil by Compositae has not been further studied in the Loess Plateau. Thus, in order to analyze and compare the phytoremediation efficiency of Medicago sativa and Coreopsis lanceolata on oil-contaminated soil in eastern Gansu Province of the Loess Plateau. The indigenous plants M. sativa and C. lanceolata were selected as the test plants, and a five months site remediation experiment was conducted in Changqing Oilfield Company, Qingyang City of Gansu Province. The changes of TPH (Total petroleum hydrocarbon, TPH) removal rate, plant growth index, soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities as well as microbial community structure in root-zone soil of M. sativa and C. lanceolata under different crude oil concentrations, i.e., light pollution group (TPH=3%), moderate pollution group (TPH=7%) and heavy pollution group (TPH=9%), were measured. We found that: (1) With the crude oil concentration increase from 3% to 9%, the removal rates of TPH in the root-zone soil of M. sativa were 69.88±4.16%、42.59±3.94%、19.20±2.77% and 2.01±0.19%, while were75.33±2.91%、74.87±2.79%、42.47±1.99% and 2.20±0.51% in the root-zone soil of C. lanceolata, respectively. (2) The emergence rate and chlorophyll a/b value of the two tested plants were not significantly affected by crude oil concentrations at 3%, while the effects of oil concentrations ranged from 7% to 9% on seedling emergence rate, chlorophyll a/b value, aboveground and underground dry weight, root vitality and root-shoot ratio of M. sativa were relatively significant (P<0.05). (3) Oil concentration ranged from 3% to 7% had relatively little inhibition on soil available P content in the root-zone soil of M. sativa (P<0.05), while the soil pH, urease and alkaline phosphatase activities in the root zone of C. lanceolata were significantly higher than those of M. sativa in the concentration ranged from 7% to 9% (P<0.05). (4) High throughput sequencing results showed that the relative abundance of crude oil degrading bacteria, i.e., Alcanivorax, Marinobacter, Halanaerobium, Halomonas and Nocardioides, etc. in the root-zone soil of C. lanceolata were significantly higher than those in the M. sativa (P<0.05). (5) Variance decomposition results indicated that the inhibition of oil concentration on the physiological characteristics of M. sativa was the decisive factor limiting the root zone soil TPH removal rate, while the combined effect of soil physicochemical × microbial characteristics was the main environmental factor determining the root zone soil TPH removal rate of C. lanceolata higher than that in the treatment group of M. sativa (P<0.05). In conclusion, the phytoremediation efficiency of C. lanceolata on crude-oil-contaminated soil in eastern Gansu Province of the Loess Plateau is better than that of M. sativa.

Key words: crude-oil-contaminated soil, Medicago sativa, Coreopsis lanceolata, phytoremediation, eastern Gansu Province of the Loess Plateau

井明博,王金成,张威,周立辉,张绍鹏. 陇东地区油污土壤紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）和金鸡菊（Coreopsis lanceolata）——植物修复效应比较[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(3): 853-862.

JING Mingbo,WANG Jincheng,ZHANG Wei,ZHOU Lihui,ZHANG Shaopeng. Comparison of phytoremediation effects of Medicago sativa and Coreopsis basalis on crude-oil-contaminated soil in eastern Gansu Province[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(3): 853-862.

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参考文献 23

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	处理组编号	TPH含量/%	处理方式
对照组	CK	0	非污染撂荒地土壤
		3	原始油污土壤+自然降解
		7	原始油污土壤+自然降解
		9	原始油污土壤+自然降解
		11	原始油污土壤+自然降解
紫花苜蓿处理组	TZ	0	非污染撂荒地土壤+紫花苜蓿
		3	原始油污土壤+紫花苜蓿
		7	原始油污土壤+紫花苜蓿
		9	原始油污土壤+紫花苜蓿
		11	原始油污土壤+紫花苜蓿
金鸡菊处理组	TJ	0	非污染撂荒地土壤+金鸡菊
		3	原始油污土壤+金鸡菊
		7	原始油污土壤+金鸡菊
		9	原始油污土壤+金鸡菊
		11	原始油污土壤+金鸡菊

理化指标	处理	油污浓度/%				F值
理化指标	处理	0	3	7	9	F值
碱解氮/（mg·kg^-1）	TZ	48.79 ± 2.29aA	35.84 ±1.46a	19.15 ± 2.57b	14.51 ± 1.62c	36.70^**
碱解氮/（mg·kg^-1）	TJ	41.72 ± 2.15aB	33.03 ±2.31a	18.40 ± 1.52b	13.89 ± 1.78c	42.81^**
t值		2.228^*
速效磷/（mg·kg^-1）	TZ	17.17 ± 0.89a	16.85 ±0.99aA	13.13 ± 0.87bA	3.31 ± 0.32c	65.76^**
速效磷/（mg·kg^-1）	TJ	15.16 ± 1.09a	12.35 ±0.94bB	6.16 ± 0.81cB	3.50 ± 1.03d	53.42^**
t值			4.044^*	5.867^**
pH	TZ	7.96 ± 0.13dA	8.07 ±0.09c	8.25 ± 0.12bA	8.37 ± 0.07aA	50.13^**
pH	TJ	7.81 ± 0.14dB	7.97 ±0.12c	8.10 ± 0.11bB	8.24 ± 0.08aB	64.40^**
t值		3.82^*		4.279^*	5.479^**
脲酶/[μg·g^-1·(3h)^-1]	TZ	9.05 ± 1.01a	7.58 ±0.86b	3.51 ± 0.95cA	1.93 ± 0.61dA	292.27^**
脲酶/[μg·g^-1·(3h)^-1]	TJ	8.41 ± 0.74a	7.32 ±0.41b	5.42 ± 0.75cB	3.25 ± 0.91dB	52.08^**
t值				4.462^*	5.885^**
碱性磷酸酶 /[mg·g^-1·(24h)^-1]	TZ	0.85 ± 0.04a	0.79 ±0.03a	0.41 ± 0.05bA	0.18 ± 0.03cA	239.54^**
碱性磷酸酶 /[mg·g^-1·(24h)^-1]	TJ	0.89 ± 0.07a	0.87 ±0.03a	0.68 ± 0.04bB	0.52 ± 0.02cB	67.35^**
t值				7.89^**	13.525^**

α多样性	处理	TPH浓度/%				F值
α多样性	处理	0	3	7	9	F值
覆盖度/%	TJ	99.43± 0.08	99.27 ± 0.03	99.25 ± 0.05	99.41 ± 0.08
覆盖度/%	TZ	99.16 ± 0.05	99.31± 0.05	99.64 ± 0.05	99.34 ± 0.03
OTU数量	TJ	1197.00±75.24a	1121.00±16.58aA	796.33±19.35bA	457.33±12.47cA	89.12^**
OTU数量	TZ	1114.33±30.68a	956.00±17.23aB	574.67±55.73bB	308.67±20.54cB	105.72^**
t值			3.86^*	5.33^*	4.94^*
Chao1指数	TJ	1076.44±27.41a	1053.06±12.59aA	811.47±6.49bA	722.55±23.06cA	83.48^**
Chao1指数	TZ	963.40±30.75a	685.39±29.32bB	411.93±18.69cB	316.95±22.12dB	143.30^**
t值			11.52^**	36.84^**	12.69^**
Shannon指数	TJ	6.29±0.03a	6.22±0.07aA	5.55±0.08bA	4.55±0.02cA	649.49^**
Shannon指数	TZ	6.17±0.03a	4.26±0.11bB	3.15±0.09cB	2.62±0.07dB	179.31^**
t值			10.68^**	29.40^**	19.88^**

陇东地区油污土壤紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）和金鸡菊（Coreopsis lanceolata）——植物修复效应比较

Comparison of phytoremediation effects of Medicago sativa and Coreopsis basalis on crude-oil-contaminated soil in eastern Gansu Province

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