新疆典型淡水湖和咸水湖芦苇湿地土壤
CO2、CH4和N2O 排放研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2020.05.11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究新疆典型淡水湖和咸水湖芦苇湿地土壤温室气体排放差异，以中国第一大内陆淡水湖博斯腾湖和新疆第一大咸水湖艾比湖为研究对象，采用静态箱-气相色谱法，利用2016年12月至2017年11月所监测的数据进行对比分析。结果表明：（1）通过分析观测期内日排放均值发现，淡水湖CO₂排放趋势呈单峰曲线、相邻时间点CH₄排放趋势不明显，CO₂、CH₄排放均值曲线均高于咸水湖。淡水湖和咸水湖N₂O分别在9:00—13:00，17:00—21:00排放差异不明显，排放峰值分别出现在17:00和13:00。（2）淡水湖和咸水湖芦苇湿地土壤CO₂、CH₄、N₂O季节变化均呈单峰曲线趋势，温室气体排放峰值主要集中在夏季，咸水湖N2O排放峰值出现在秋季，淡水湖和咸水湖CO₂、N₂O排放量差异性不显著（P>0.05），两湖CH4排放量差异性显著（P<0.05）。（3）湖泊湿地在冬季储存大量温室气体，博斯腾湖CO₂、CH₄和N₂O在春季融解的排放量占全年总累计排放量的22%、30%和12%，艾比湖占40%、0.8%和47%。（4）土壤温度、土壤含水量和土壤有机质对艾比湖CO₂排放量的促进作用较弱。pH对博斯腾湖N₂O排放起到抑制作用，土壤盐分对艾比湖CO₂和博斯腾湖CH₄排放的抑制作用较强。（5）干旱区湖泊芦苇湿地土壤全球增温潜势表现为：淡水湖＞咸水湖，淡水湖和咸水湖芦苇湿地在百年尺度上对全球变暖均有促进作用。

关键词: 博斯腾湖, 艾比湖, 温室气体, 冻融, 全球增温潜势

Abstract: We compare and analyze the monitoring data of Bosten Lake, China’s largest inland freshwater lake, and Ebinur, Xinjiang’s largest saltwater lake, from December 2016 to November 2017, using static chamber gas chromatography, researching the difference of soil greenhouse gas emissions between typical freshwater lake and saltwater lake reed wetlands in Xinjiang. It showed that (1) by analyzing the average daily emissions during the observation period, it is found that the CO₂ emission trend of the freshwater lake shows a single peak curve, and the CH₄ emission trends at the adjacent time points are not prominent. The N₂O of freshwater lake and saltwater lake are between 9 o’clock and 13 o’clock, and the differences in emissions between 17:00 and 21:00 were not obvious. (2) The seasonal changes of soil CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O in the freshwater lake and saltwater lake reed wetlands showed a single peak curve trend. The peak of greenhouse gas emissions was mainly concentrated in summer. The peak of saltwater lake N₂O emissions appeared in autumn. There were no significant differences in CO₂ and N₂O emissions between the freshwater lake and the saltwater lake (P>0.05), The difference of CH₄ emissions between the two lakes is significant (P<0.05). (3) Lake wetlands store large amounts of greenhouse gases in winter. The release of CO2, CH4, and N2O from Bosten Lake in the spring melt accounts for 22%, 30%, and 12% of the total cumulative emissions for the year, and Lake Ebinur accounted for 40%, 0.8%, and 47%. (4) The effects of soil temperature, soil moisture content, and soil organic matter on the CO₂ emissions of the saltwater lake were weak. pH inhibited N₂O emissions from Bosten Lake, and soil salinity had a strong inhibitory effect on CO₂ and CH₄ emissions from Ebinur. (5) The global warming potential of lake reed wetland soil in arid areas was as follows: freshwater lake > saltwater lake. Both the freshwater lake and the saltwater lake reed wetlands contribute to global warming on the centennial scale.

Key words: Bosten Lake, Ebinur Lake, greenhouse gases, freeze-thaw, global warming potential

王顺科, 李艳红, 李发东, 王金龙. 新疆典型淡水湖和咸水湖芦苇湿地土壤 CO₂、CH₄和N₂O 排放研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(5): 1183-1193.

WANG Shun-ke, LI Yan-hong, LI Fa-dong, WANG Jin-long. Study on CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O emissions from reed wetlands in typical freshwater lake and saltwater lake in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(5): 1183-1193.

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新疆典型淡水湖和咸水湖芦苇湿地土壤 CO₂、CH₄和N₂O 排放研究

Study on CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O emissions from reed wetlands in typical freshwater lake and saltwater lake in Xinjiang

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