干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 1057-1067.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2018.05.07

• 土壤及土壤环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

吉兰泰盐湖盆地土壤铬、汞、砷污染的负荷特征与健康风险评价

张阿龙1，高瑞忠1，2，张生1，2，贾德彬1，2，杜丹丹1，2，秦子元1，王喜喜3   

  1. (1. 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院，内蒙古 呼和浩特，010018；；2 . 内蒙古水资源保护与利用重点实验室，内蒙古 呼和浩特，010018；3. 美国欧道明大学，美国 诺福克，23529)
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-29 修回日期:2018-04-24 出版日期:2018-09-15 发布日期:2018-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 高瑞忠. E-mail：ruizhonggao@qq.com
  • 作者简介:张阿龙（1992-），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为干旱半干旱地区土壤及地下水化学特征. E-mail：562061251@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金（51469019）；美国国家自然科学基金（100653-010）资助

Pollution Load Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Cr, Hg and As in the Jilantai Salt Lake Basin

ZHANG A’long1, GAO Rui-zhong1，2, ZHANG sheng1，2,JIA De-bin1，2, DU Dan-dan1，2,QIN Zi-yuan1,WANG Xi-xi3   

  1. (1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia agricultural university Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia,China;
    2. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia ,China;
    3. Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA 23529)
  • Received:2018-03-29 Revised:2018-04-24 Online:2018-09-15 Published:2018-09-20

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摘要： 选取西北旱区吉兰泰盐湖盆地为研究对象，土壤按照表土层（0~10cm）、心土层(-50cm)和底土层(-100cm)分层取样，系统采集了120个土壤样品，测定了重金属Cr、Hg和As，以及主要化学成分的含量，以数理统计法、Tomlinson污染负荷指数法、US EPA健康风险评估模型，解析评价了盐湖盆地Cr、Hg和As的污染及污染负荷特征、潜在健康风险水平及空间分布特征。结果表明：① 吉兰泰盐湖盆地土壤各层均含有Cr、Hg、As，以内蒙古地区背景值为基准，盐湖盆地土壤存在Cr、Hg、As的局部超标点或超标区域，Hg和As的超标率高达60%以上；Cr、Hg和As在不同土壤深度重金属含量差异性不显著；相对内蒙古整个地区来说，盐湖盆地土壤Cr、Hg、As含量较高；而对比《土壤环境质量标准》（GB 15618─1995）二级标准值，盐湖盆地的Cr、Hg、As含量均属于国家标准范围以内；② 基于内蒙古地区背景值，吉兰泰盐湖盆地土壤污染负荷整体属于轻微污染，主要在西南图格力高勒沟谷和低山台地区域，为中度污染或强度污染；不同土壤深度污染负荷依次为：表土层>心土层>底土层；③ 盐湖盆地的土壤对于Cr、Hg、As不存在非致癌的健康风险，而对于Cr、As，在沿巴彦乌拉山─贺兰山存在人体可耐受的致癌风险；非致癌风险或致癌风险对于儿童或成人在土壤各层差异不明显，非致癌风险儿童在所有土壤层均大于成年，致癌风险成人均大于儿童；④ 研究成果对于西北旱区盐湖盆地土壤或地下水的安全合理开发利用具有一定实际参考意义。

关键词: 土壤重金属, 健康风险, 污染负荷, 盐湖盆地, 吉兰泰

Abstract: The Jilantai Salt Lake Basin in an arid area in northwest China was selected as the study area. The total 120 soil samples were collected from topsoil and soil layers of 50cm and 100cm in depth, and the purposes of the study were to test the contents of heavy metals Cr, Hg and As and the contents of main chemical components. The pollution and pollution load characteristics, health risk and spatial distribution of Cr, Hg and As were analyzed by mathematical statistics, Tomlinson pollution load index and US EPA health risk assessment model. The results indicated that:① The soil samples from the Jilantai Salt Lake Basin contained Cr, Hg and As. If the background values in Inner Mongolia were regarded as the standards, the contents of Cr, Hg and As were overweight in some areas, in which the contents of Hg and As were 60% higher than the background values. The difference of contents of Cr, Hg and As among different soil layers was not significant. Compared with the values in whole Inner Mongolia, the contents of Cr, Hg and As in soil in the salt lake basin were high, but they were within the national standards compared with the second standard values in the “Soil Environmental Quality Standard” (GB 15618-1995);② Based on the background values of Inner Mongolia, soil pollution load in the Jilantai Salt Lake Basin was holistically slight, and the moderate and serious soil pollution occurred mainly in the Tugligol Valley and low-mountain area in the southwest. The pollution load of different soil layers was in an order of -100-cm soil layer>topsoil layer>-50-cm soil layer, and that of heavy metals in all soil layers was CFAs>CFHg>CFCr: ③ There was no cancer risk from Cr, Hg and As in the salt lake basin except that from Cr and As along the Bayan Ul-Helan Mountain zone;④ The study results could be referred in exploiting and utilizing the soil and groundwater resources in the arid areas in northwest China.

Key words: soil heavy metal, health risk, pollution load, salt lake basin, arid area, northwest China