干旱区研究

干旱区研究

• 中国山地生物多样性 •    下一篇

苹果小吉丁虫( Agrilus mali Matsumura )在野苹果林区域性危害及其评估

崔志军1,2，张彦龙3，罗朝辉1，马怀亮4，吕昭智1     

  1. 1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011；2. 中国科学院大学，北京100049；3.国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所，北京100091； 4. 伊犁巩留县林业局，新疆乌鲁木齐835400
  • 出版日期:2019-01-01 发布日期:2019-01-01
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点科研项目（2016YFC0501502）

The Regional Damage and Assessment of the buprestid Agrilus mali Matsumura on Wild Apple Forest

Cui Zhi-jun1,2, Zhang Yan-long3, Luo Zhao-hui1, Gao Gui-zhen4, Han Peng1, Lv Zhao-zhi1   

  1. 1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Forestry Protection, China State Forestry Administration; Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; 4. College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China;
  • Online:2019-01-01 Published:2019-01-01

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摘要： 苹果小吉丁虫( Agrilus mali Matsumura )自1995年入侵以来对新疆天山北坡的野苹果林造成了巨大的威胁，但在区域尺度上的危害缺乏系统的评估。本试验在野苹果林典型分布区-新源县（新源改良场、八连、萨哈）和巩留县（交勒赛、小莫合、大莫合、二乡），统计样地内每棵野苹果树的受害等级、果实产量、受害枝条的旧羽化孔密度等指标。结果表明：新源改良场受害最为严重，交勒赛、二乡和大莫合受害最轻；各调查点间果实产量和苹果小吉丁虫旧羽化孔密度差异显著；在管理强度高的栽培果园内，苹果小吉丁虫的危害较轻。我们建议在危害严重区域（如新源）采用人工修剪措施；在适合飞机飞行的区域（如小莫合和大莫合）采用航空防治；在高山区建立围栏保护防治措施（如二乡和八连）；在人们容易到达或者适合人工作业的地方采用生物防治和人工修剪措施（如交勒赛和萨哈）。

关键词: 野苹果林, 苹果小吉丁虫, 受害等级, 果实产量, 羽化孔

Abstract: Agrilus mali Matsumura has caused severe damage to the wild apple forest in the north Tien shan of Xinjiang province since invasion of pest in 1995; however, the damage assessment is missing on the regional scale. We investigated the wild apple damage class, fruit yield, density of old exit hole of wild apple trees due to infestation of A. mali in Xinyuan county (Xinyuan improved farm, Balian and Saha) and Gongliu county (Jiaolesai, Damohe,  Xiaomohe and Erxiang) where the wild apple trees are widely spread. We found that the damage level varied among the sampling sites with Xinyuan improved farm being the worst and , Jiaolesai, Erxiang and Damohe being the slightest. There was a significant difference in the density of old exit hole by A. mali density and the fruit yield among seven sites. In apple orchards, the infestation level was much lower because of the enhanced management. Therefore, we suggest that extensive pruning is suggested in the high damage-level sites (e.g. Xinyuan). Insecticide spray by aircraft is thus recommended in the region suitable for aircraft flight (e.g. Xiaomohe and Damohe). Protected areas should be established in the region where local people cannot get easy access to the wild apple forest (e.g. Erxiang and Balian). Pruning and bio-control programs can be applicable in the area where the local people can get easy access and work (e.g. Jiaolesai and Saha).

Key words: Wild apple forest, Agrilus mali Matsumura, Damage class, Fruit yield, exit hole