天山南坡山前荒漠草地植物群落分布对环境因子的响应——以拜城县为例

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.08.15

干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 1346-1357.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.08.15

天山南坡山前荒漠草地植物群落分布对环境因子的响应——以拜城县为例

鲁元波^1,^2,³(),严成^1,³(),宋春武^1,^3,⁴,李雅娟⁵,来赪雲⁵

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所国家荒漠-绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
4.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所莫索湾沙漠研究站，新疆石河子 832000
5.新疆拜城润华煤业有限公司，新疆拜城 842300

收稿日期:2023-02-06 修回日期:2023-03-24 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2023-08-24
通讯作者: 严成. E-mail: yancheng@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:鲁元波(1996-)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事生态恢复研究. E-mail: 1652587990@qq.com
基金资助:
“拜城润华煤矿无（低）灌溉植被生态修复关键技术研发集成与试验示范”项目

Response of plant community distribution in the pre-montane desert grassland on the southern slope of Tianshan Mountain to environmental factors: A case study in Baicheng County

LU Yuanbo^1,^2,³(),YAN Cheng^1,³(),SONG Chunwu^1,^3,⁴,LI Yajuan⁵,LAI Zhaoyun⁵

1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. National Engineering Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
4. Mosuo Bay Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
5. Xinjiang Baicheng Runhua Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Baicheng 842300, Xinjiang, China

Received:2023-02-06 Revised:2023-03-24 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-08-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明天山南坡拜城县山前荒漠草地植物群落分布对地形与土壤因子的响应，本研究选取了拜城山前荒漠草地典型区域进行调查，采用优势度法和典范对应分析（Canonical correspondence analysis，CCA）法，研究山地荒漠草地植物群落分布与地形和土壤因子之间的关系。结果表明：（1）不同调查样点灌木层和草本层物种多样性存在差异，东坡调查样点Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数和Simpson指数均表现为灌木大于草本，西坡和北坡调查样点Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数和Simpson指数均表现为草本大于灌木；（2）典范对应分析法分析结果表明，地形因子对植物群落的影响大小顺序为：坡向（SA）>坡度（SG）>坡位（SP），土壤因子对植物群落的影响大小为：30~100 cm土层土壤水分（SMC-2）>土壤总孔隙度（STP）>0~30 cm土层土壤水分（SMC-1）。地形和土壤因子对不同植物群落的形成具有一定的筛选作用，30~100 cm土层土壤水分和坡向是影响天山南坡拜城县山前荒漠草地植物群落分布的关键因子。

关键词: 地形因子, 土壤因子, 天山南坡, 寒旱地区, CCA分析

Abstract:

To investigate the response of plant community distribution to topography and soil factors in the pre-mountain desert grassland of Baicheng County on the southern piedmont of Tianshan Mountain, we selected a typical area for investigation. We used the dominance method and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to study the relationship between plant community distribution and topography and soil factors in the mountain desert grassland. We observed differences in the species diversity of shrub and herb layers between survey sample sites. Specifically, the Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index, and Simpson index on the eastern slope showed more shrubs than herbs; while on the western and northern slopes, these indexes showed more herbs than shrubs. The results of CCA show that topographic factors influenced plant community diversity in the order of slope orientation > slope gradient > slope position; and soil factors influenced plant community diversity in the order of soil moisture in the 30-100 cm soil layer > total soil porosity (STP) > soil moisture in the 0-30 cm soil layer (SMC-1). Topography and soil factors had certain screening effects on the formation of plant communities. Soil moisture in the 30-100 cm soil layer and slope orientation were the key factors affecting the distribution of plant communities in the pre-mountain desert grassland of Baicheng County on the southern piedmont of Tianshan Mountain.

Key words: terrain factors, soil factors, southern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, cold and arid areas, canonical correspondence analysis

鲁元波, 严成, 宋春武, 李雅娟, 来赪雲. 天山南坡山前荒漠草地植物群落分布对环境因子的响应——以拜城县为例[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(8): 1346-1357.

LU Yuanbo, YAN Cheng, SONG Chunwu, LI Yajuan, LAI Zhaoyun. Response of plant community distribution in the pre-montane desert grassland on the southern slope of Tianshan Mountain to environmental factors: A case study in Baicheng County[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(8): 1346-1357.

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样地编号	海拔/m	坡位	坡向/（°）	坡度/（°）	0~30 cm土壤容重/（g·cm^-3）
E1	2211.22	上坡位	21	18	1.61±0.12
E2	2203.76	中坡位	20	15	1.54±0.19
E3	2194.25	下坡位	30	14	1.34±0.29
W1	2222.96	上坡位	230	25	1.09±0.06
W2	2212.93	中坡位	240	25	1.17±0.23
W3	2199.41	下坡位	290	22	1.13±0.01
S1	2207.32	上坡位	340	30	1.56±0.27
S2	2199.78	中坡位	328	25	1.12±0.04
S3	2197.12	下坡位	292	24	1.39±0.13
N1	2209.86	上坡位	18	26	1.31±0.11
N2	2198.22	中坡位	2	22	1.27±0.02
N3	2183.45	下坡位	4	22	1.20±0.20

植物名称	东坡			西坡			南坡			北坡
植物名称	E1	E2	E3	W1	W2	W3	S1	S2	S3	N1	N2	N3
浩罕彩花Acantholimon kokandense	0.10	0.23	0.23	0.22	0.16	0.49	0.18	0.18	0.15	0.50	0.48	0.40
吐鲁番锦鸡儿Caragana turfanensis	0.40	0.41	0.33	0.50	0.51	0.18	0.51	0.43	0.26	0.12	0.17	0.22
刺旋花 Convolvulus tragacanthoides	0.12	0.06	0.00	0.07	0.03	0.00	0.19	0.04	0.04	0.07	0.00	0.00
驼绒藜Ceratoides latens	0.14	0.09	0.17	0.12	0.19	0.12	0.08	0.13	0.23	0.13	0.13	0.13
琵琶柴 Reaumuria soongonica	0.09	0.11	0.17	0.05	0.05	0.14	0.04	0.10	0.28	0.10	0.07	0.14
木地肤 Kochia prostrata	0.15	0.11	0.10	0.04	0.05	0.08	0.00	0.04	0.01	0.08	0.15	0.10
盐爪爪 Kalidium foliatum	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
骆驼刺Alhagi sparsifolia	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
芨芨草 Achnatherum splendens	0.00	0.51	0.41	0.00	0.00	0.46	0.00	0.46	0.00	0.00	0.43	0.60
冷蒿Artemisia frigida Willd	0.24	0.11	0.22	0.14	0.14	0.18	0.20	0.20	0.33	0.19	0.15	0.08
羊茅 Festuca ovina	0.29	0.10	0.10	0.36	0.30	0.09	0.40	0.13	0.27	0.22	0.10	0.05
二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca	0.23	0.14	0.10	0.18	0.16	0.13	0.15	0.17	0.16	0.22	0.12	0.09
车前Plantago asiatica	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.05	0.08	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.08	0.03	0.06
沙葱Allium mongolicum	0.19	0.04	0.05	0.16	0.11	0.03	0.09	0.05	0.10	0.15	0.09	0.06
黄花瓦松Orostachys spinosus	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.07	0.06	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00
欧洲千里光Senecio vulgaris	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.00	0.10	0.05	0.16	0.00	0.07	0.05	0.05	0.05
委陵菜Potentilla chinensis	0.00	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.06	0.03	0.00

组	样点编号	群落类型	植物种类
Ⅰ	E1、W1、W2	吐鲁番锦鸡儿-羊茅群落(Caragana turfanensis-Festuca ovina)	15
Ⅱ	E2、E3、S2	吐鲁番锦鸡儿-芨芨草群落(Caragana turfanensis-Achnatherum splendens)	17
Ⅲ	W3、N2、N3	浩罕彩花-芨芨草群落(Acantholimon kokandense-Achnatherum splendens)	14
Ⅳ	S3	琵琶柴-冷蒿群落(Reaumuria soongonica-Artemisia frigida)	13
Ⅴ	S1、N1	浩罕彩花-羊茅+二裂委陵菜群落(Acantholimon kokandense-Festuca ovina+ Potentilla bifurca)	14

样点	0~30 cm土壤水分/%	0~30 cm土壤容重/(g·cm^-3)	0~30 cm土壤总孔隙度/%
E1	0.85±0.14f	1.61±0.12a	39.35±4.67c
E2	1.45±0.31ef	1.54±0.19ab	41.79±7.32bc
E3	2.71±0.36ef	1.34±0.29ab	49.35±4.67bc
W1	3.86±0.19de	1.09±0.03c	58.87±1.00a
W2	6.13±1.12bc	1.17±0.23c	56.00±8.62a
W3	10.39±2.73a	1.13±0.01c	57.31±0.43a
S1	2.25±0.46ef	1.56±0.27ab	47.64±4.76bc
S2	6.31±1.41bc	1.12±0.04c	57.83±1.32a
S3	3.69±1.22de	1.39±0.13ab	41.15±10.02bc
N1	4.43±1.6de	1.31±0.03ab	50.57±1.13bc
N2	6.51±2.72bc	1.28±0.07bc	51.70±2.64ab
N3	6.77±0.83b	1.20±0.20c	54.83±7.63a

环境因子	解释变量/%	贡献率/%	F值	P值	重要性排序
SA	26.5	40.6	4.1	0.03^*	1
SP	3.3	5	0.5	0.68	5
SG	8.9	13.6	1.4	0.246	4
SMC-1	1.1	1.7	0.2	0.922	6
SMC-2	14.9	22.8	1.7	0.192	2
STP	10.6	16.3	1.9	0.166	3
SC	-	-	-	-	-

天山南坡山前荒漠草地植物群落分布对环境因子的响应——以拜城县为例

Response of plant community distribution in the pre-montane desert grassland on the southern slope of Tianshan Mountain to environmental factors: A case study in Baicheng County

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