西鄂尔多斯珍稀濒危沙冬青及伴生种对土壤特征的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.05.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究荒漠灌丛及其伴生种对灌丛下土壤粒径、养分空间异质性的影响，以西鄂尔多斯国家级自然保护区内沙冬青（Ammopiptanthus mongolicus）-霸王（Sarcozygium xanthoxylon）混生群落、单株沙冬青为研究对象，以周围无植被覆盖的裸沙地为对照（CK），对比分析不同灌丛分布类型下土壤粒度特征、养分积累变化及养分与粒度组成的作用关系。结果表明：（1）单株沙冬青土壤黏粒、粉粒、细砂的体积百分含量较沙冬青-霸王分别增加0.8%、0.8%、0.71%。随灌丛种类减少，土壤粒径依次变细，分选性变差，分形维数变小，土壤颗粒分布逐渐不对称，颗粒组成向细粒物质集中。（2）土壤有机质、碱解氮含量随灌丛种类的增多分别增加了1.85 g·kg^-1、8.18 mg·kg^-1。单株沙冬青对有机质、速效磷的富集作用较沙冬青-霸王更强，对碱解氮的积累效果较沙冬青-霸王稍差。（3）沙冬青-霸王土壤速效磷含量与细砂含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05），沙冬青土壤碱解氮、速效钾与粗砂呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。沙冬青-霸王、沙冬青可有效促进土壤颗粒细粒化、显著改善土壤养分，但伴生种霸王的存在降低了沙冬青对有机质和速效磷的富集作用。

关键词: 土壤机械组成, 养分富集, 孑遗植物, 西鄂尔多斯地区

Abstract:

This study was conducted to explore the influence of desert shrubs and their associated species on soil particle size and nutrient spatial heterogeneity under shrubs. The mixed community of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and Sarcozygium xanthoxylon and a single plant of A. mongolicus in the Western Ordos National Nature Reserve were selected as the research samples. The surrounding bare sandy land without vegetation cover was used as control. The soil particle size characteristics, nutrient accumulation changes, and the relationship between nutrients and particle size composition under different shrub distribution types were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) Compared with the mixed community of A. mongolicus-S. xanthoxylon, the volume percentages of soil clay, silt, and fine sand of the single A. mongolicus increased by 0.8%, 0.8%, and 0.71%, respectively. As the types of shrubs decrease, soil particle size became smaller in turn, sorting deteriorated, the fractal dimension became smaller, the soil particle distribution gradually became asymmetric, and the particle composition was concentrated at fine particles. (2) The contents of soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increased by 1.85 g·kg^-1 and 8.18 g·kg^-1, respectively, with the increase in shrub species. The accumulation of organic matter and available phosphorus by a single A. mongolicus was stronger than that by A. mongolicus-S. xanthoxylon; however, the accumulation of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was slightly poor than that of A. mongolicus-S. xanthoxylon. (3) A. mongolicus-S. xanthoxylon available soil phosphorus content was significantly positively correlated with fine sand content (P<0.05), and A. mongolicus available soil nitrogen and potassium were significantly positively correlated with coarse sand (P<0.05). A. mongolicus-S. xanthoxylon can effectively promote soil granulation and significantly improve soil nutrients. However, the presence of the associated species S. xanthoxylon reduced the enrichment of organic matter and available phosphorus by A. mongolicus.

Key words: soil mechanical composition, nutrient enrichment, relict plant, west Ordos region

吴惠敏, 党晓宏, 翟波, 魏亚娟, 李小乐. 西鄂尔多斯珍稀濒危沙冬青及伴生种对土壤特征的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(5): 767-776.

WU Huimin, DANG Xiaohong, ZHAI Bo, WEI Yajuan, LI Xiaole. Effects of rare and endangered Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and associated species on soil characteristics in western Ordos[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(5): 767-776.

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物种名称	类型	数量/株	平均株高/cm	平均冠幅/cm
沙冬青	单生	29	64.59±5.35b	156.83±11.31b
沙冬青	混生	83	69.89±10.47b	198.37±19.16a
霸王	单生	85	84.54±4.21a	166.00±13.93b
霸王	混生	83	90.24±4.41a	179.72±4.41ab

样地	土层/cm	黏粒	粉粒	砂粒
样地	土层/cm	黏粒	粉粒	极细砂	细砂	中砂	粗砂	极粗砂
沙冬青-霸王	0~5	6.52±0.31Bc	3.85±0.09Ba	8.57±0.23Aa	52.64±1.39Ab	16.27±0.37Bd	9.85±1.24Bab	2.29±0.54Aa
	5~10	9.71±0.38Aa	3.80±0.24Ba	5.95±0.26Bb	50.06±0.94Bc	21.45±0.30Ab	8.29±0.77Bab	0.74±0.15Ab
	10~20	8.16±0.44Bb	3.83±0.22Ba	4.68±0.22Cc	48.95±1.45Ac	22.48±0.22Aa	10.54±1.31Ba	1.36±0.50Bab
	20~30	5.94±0.35Cc	3.31±0.15Cb	6.17±0.25Bb	56.60±1.60Ca	18.96±0.03Ac	7.56±1.32Ab	1.47±0.35Aab
沙冬青	0~5	8.71±0.47Ab	4.23±0.22Bb	6.60±0.18Bb	45.71±1.50Bd	19.69±0.18Aa	13.29±1.80Aa	1.77±0.08Aa
	5~10	7.41±0.27Bc	4.19±0.18Ab	9.00±0.16Aa	53.62±0.36Ab	14.41±0.21Cc	9.67±1.09Bb	1.68±0.99Aa
	10~20	10.36±0.54Aa	5.52±0.37Aa	6.37±0.28Bb	50.42±0.93Ac	17.47±0.57Bb	9.04±1.44Bb	0.81±0.42Ba
	20~30	7.06±0.34Bc	4.06±0.08Bb	5.09±0.16Cc	61.33±0.21Ba	17.02±0.55Bb	4.07±0.17Bc	1.36±0.39Aa
裸沙地	0~5	8.97±0.79Aa	5.20±0.38Ab	6.70±0.33Bc	52.05±1.61Ab	15.84±1.13Bb	7.58±1.26Bc	3.64±2.37Aab
	5~10	8.12±0.58Bab	3.56±0.29Bc	6.37±0.36Bc	49.99±1.32Bb	18.75±0.65Ba	11.80±0.83Ab	1.41±0.84Abc
	10~20	7.30±0.52Bb	3.10±0.44Cc	7.39±0.34Ab	44.25±3.11Bc	14.74±1.46Cb	16.38±2.23Aa	6.78±2.39Aa
	20~30	8.18±0.59Aab	6.64±0.20Aa	9.30±0.09Aa	62.11±1.55Aa	9.69±1.05Cc	2.89±0.61Cd	1.18±0.05Bbc

样地	土层/cm	平均粒径（d₀）
沙冬青-霸王	0~5	2.51± 0.40Aa	1.38±0.23Aab	-0.08±0.04Aa	1.46± 0.37Aa	2.88±0.02Aa
	5~10	2.48± 0.38Aa	1.59± 0.07Aa	-0.31±0.04Aa	1.67± 0.25Aa	2.88±0.13Aa
	10~20	2.47± 0.08Ba	1.56± 0.10Ca	0.09± 0.02Aa	1.69± 0.16Ba	2.96±0.01Aa
	20~30	2.48± 0.15Ba	1.27± 0.13Ab	0.09± 0.03Aa	1.25± 0.22Aa	2.96± 0.03Aa
沙冬青	0~5	2.39± 0.26Ab	1.68± 0.21Aa	0.26± 0.09Aa	1.96± 0.57Aa	2.93±0.04Aab
	5~10	2.67±0.16Aab	1.53± 0.08Aa	-0.12±0.05Aa	1.68± 0.19Aa	2.84±0.10Ab
	10~20	2.83± 0.09Aa	1.76± 0.05Ba	-0.07±0.02Aa	2.00±0.04ABa	2.92±0.04Aab
	20~30	2.59±0.09Bab	1.28± 0.04Ab	0.40± 0.06Aa	1.38± 0.16Aa	2.95± 0.02Aa
裸沙地	0~5	2.73± 0.10Ab	1.76± 0.06Ab	0.22± 0.05Aa	1.96± 0.09Ab	2.92± 0.06Aa
	5~10	2.51± 0.03Ac	1.65± 0.05Ab	0.20± 0.03Aa	1.90± 0.06Ab	2.84± 0.18Aa
	10~20	2.10± 0.07Cd	1.94± 0.10Aa	-0.20±0.06Aa	3.09± 0.96Aa	2.81± 0.22Aa
	20~30	3.03± 0.00Aa	1.33± 0.05Ac	-0.19±0.07Aa	1.28± 0.09Ab	2.80± 0.21Aa