不同供磷水平对紫花苜蓿根际微生物功能多样性的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.05.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探讨不同供磷水平下紫花苜蓿根际微生物的代谢功能多样性,有助于进一步了解紫花苜蓿对肥料的高效利用机制。本研究设置5种不同供磷水平,通过田间试验,应用Biolog方法对紫花苜蓿根际微生物群落代谢特征进行研究。结果表明：（1）施用磷肥可以显著提高紫花苜蓿根际微生物的代谢活性,供磷水平为P3（300 kg·hm^-2）时,Simpson指数、Richness指数达到最大值,提高了微生物对不同分类碳源的利用。（2）当磷肥浓度过高时,会显著降低微生物群落Simpson指数,同时也会降低微生物对各类碳源的利用率。（3）主成分分析显示,不同供磷水平下根际微生物对不同碳源的利用率有显著差异,供磷水平为P4（450 kg·hm^-2）时,微生物群落对各类碳源利用差异最小。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 磷肥, 根际微生物, 代谢多样性

Abstract:

Exploring the metabolic functional diversity of Medicago sativa rhizosphere microorganisms at different levels of phosphorus supply can further our understanding of the mechanism of efficient fertilizer use by M. sativa. Applying the biolog method through field experiments, we investigated the metabolic characteristics of the M. sativa rhizosphere microbial community under five different levels of phosphorus supply. The results showed that the application of phosphorus fertilizer could significantly improve the metabolic activity of M. sativa rhizosphere microorganisms; the Simpson and Richness indexes reached maximum values when the phosphorus supply level was P3 (300 kg·hm^-2), which improved the utilization of different classified carbon sources by microorganisms. When the phosphorus fertilizer concentration was too high, it significantly reduced the Simpson index of the microbial community and also reduced the utilization of various carbon sources by microorganisms. Principal component analysis showed that there were significant differences in the utilization of different carbon sources by rhizosphere microorganisms at different levels of phosphorus supply. The smallest differences in the utilization of various carbon sources by the microbial community were observed at the highest level of phosphorus supply (P4, 450 kg·hm^-2).

Key words: Medicago sativa, phosphorus fertilizer, rhizosphere microorganisms, metabolic diversity

邢鏻木,李强,高原千惠,李宁. 不同供磷水平对紫花苜蓿根际微生物功能多样性的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(5): 1496-1503.

XING Linmu,LI Qiang,GAO Yuanqianhui,LI Ning. Effect of different phosphorus supply levels on rhizosphere microbial functional diversity of Medicago sativa[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(5): 1496-1503.

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磷水平/（kg·hm^-2）	Shannon-Wiener指数	Pielou指数	Richness指数	Simpson指数
0(P0)	2.972±0.107a	1.023±0.041b	19.0±4.4ab	0.942±0.004ab
75(P1)	2.976±0.090a	1.227±0.072a	12.0±2.6b	0.940±0.007ab
150(P2)	2.964±0.062a	1.070±0.040b	16.3±2.5ab	0.940±0.004ab
300(P3)	3.045±0.030a	1.037±0.123b	20±5.291a	0.947±0.003a
450(P4)	2.872±0.143a	1.090±0.082ab	15±4.583ab	0.931±0.011b

成分	初始特征值			提取载荷平方和
成分	总计	方差百分比/%	累计贡献率/%	总计	方差百分比/%	累计贡献率/%
第一主成分	8.386	27.052	27.052	8.386	27.052	27.052
第二主成分	5.581	18.004	45.056	5.581	18.004	45.056
第三主成分	3.893	12.559	57.615	3.893	12.559	57.615
第四主成分	2.482	8.005	65.620	2.482	8.005	65.620
第五主成分	2.242	7.232	72.852	2.242	7.232	72.852
第六主成分	1.916	6.181	79.033	1.916	6.181	79.033
第七主成分	1.571	5.066	84.099	1.571	5.066	84.099
第八主成分	1.110	3.581	87.679	1.110	3.581	87.679
第九主成分	1.075	3.467	91.146	1.075	3.467	91.146
第十主成分	0.915	2.951	94.098
第十一主成分	0.816	2.631	96.729
第十二主成分	0.451	1.455	98.184
第十三主成分	0.399	1.286	99.470
第十四主成分	0.164	0.530	100.000

碳源类型		第一主成分PC1	第二主成分PC2
羧酸类	丙酮酸甲酯	0.345	-0.124
	γ-羟基丁酸	0.693	-0.358
	衣康酸	0.439	0.677
	α-丁酮酸	0.515	0.543
	D-苹果酸	0.313	0.214
多聚物类	吐温40	0.353	-0.076
	吐温80	0.666	-0.417
	α-环式糊精	0.807	-0.137
	肝糖	0.418	0.765
碳水化合物类	D-纤维二糖	0.22	-0.511
	α-D-乳糖	0.476	-0.285
	β-甲基-D-葡萄糖苷	0.077	0.307
	D-木糖	0.67	0.397
	i-赤藓糖醇	0.023	0.691
	D-甘露醇	0.514	-0.274
	N-乙酰-D-葡萄糖胺	0.56	-0.214
	D-葡萄糖胺酸	0.483	0.21
	α-D-葡萄糖-1-磷酸	0.675	0.421
	D,L-α-磷酸甘油	0.561	0.518
	D-半乳糖酸-γ-内脂	0.637	0.005
	D-半乳糖醛酸	0.391	-0.303
酚酸类	2-羟基苯甲酸	0.561	-0.375
酚酸类	4-羟基苯甲酸	0.187	-0.626
氨基酸类	L-精氨酸	0.663	-0.342
	L-天门冬酰胺	0.767	-0.336
	L-苯基丙氨酸	0.78	-0.098
	L-丝氨酸	0.1	0.646
	L-苏氨酸	0.672	-0.211
	甘氨酰-L-谷氨酸	0.563	0.602
胺类	苯乙胺	0.338	0.478
胺类	腐胺	-0.298	0.506