三江源区积层混合云微物理特征机载观测试验研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.05.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用在三江源区开展的飞机云物理探测试验数据,对2020年9月13日三江源泽库地区一次积层混合云宏微观物理特征及对流泡特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）积层混合云内温度在-23~-10 ℃之间,相对湿度为90%~100%,液态过冷水在0.04~0.70 g·m^-3之间;（2）对流泡内平均粒子数浓度高于周边层云10¹L^-1,平均有效粒子半径更大,平均液态过冷水为0.28 g·m^-3,高于层云约0.03 g·m^-3,粒子数浓度与液态过冷水有较好的对应关系;（3）云粒子谱呈多峰型分布,峰值出现在50 μm、400 μm和1000 μm,符合典型高云的分布特征;（4）积层混合云中粒子多为聚合状冰晶粒子,部分高度层存在少量六角板状和线状冰晶,云内以凇附增长和聚并增长机制为主,对流泡内存在凝华增长,云内降水机制符合“播撒-供给”机制。

关键词: 机载探测, 云微物理特征, 积层混合云, 对流泡, 三江源

Abstract:

Using data from the physical detection tests of aircraft clouds carried out in the Sanjiangyuan region under the “Second Comprehensive Scientific Research on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau” project, this paper analyzes the macroscopic and microphysical characteristics of a cumulonimbus cloud and its convective bubbles in the Zeku region of Sanjiangyuan on September 13, 2020. The results indicate the following: (1) the temperature inside the cumulus hybrid cloud was between -23 ℃ and -10 ℃, the relative humidity was 90%-100%, and the liquid super-cooled water was between 0.04 g·m^-3 and 0.70 g·m^-3; (2) the average particle number concentration inside the convective bubble was higher compared to the surrounding stratus cloud 10¹ L^-1, the average effective particle radius was larger, and the average liquid super-cooled water was 0.28 g·m^-3, which was higher compared to the stratus cloud at about 0.03 g·m^-3, a better correspondence between the particle number concentration and the liquid super-cooled water. Cloud particle spectra all showed multi-peak distribution, with peaks at 50 μm, 400 μm, and 1000 μm, in line with the distribution characteristics of typical high clouds. (3) The particles in cumulus mixed clouds were mostly aggregated ice crystal particles, and a small amount of hexagonal plate and linear ice crystals existed in some higher layers, with freezing and aggregation growth mechanisms dominating in the clouds and condensation growth dominating in the convective bubbles. The precipitation mechanism in the clouds was consistent with the “sowing-supply” mechanism.

Key words: aircraft measurement, microphysical characteristics, stratiform cloud with embedded convection, cloud convective generating cells, Sanjiangyuan region

韩辉邦,张玉欣,郭世钰,唐文婷. 三江源区积层混合云微物理特征机载观测试验研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(5): 1360-1370.

HAN Huibang,ZHANG Yuxin,GUO Shiyu,TANG Wenting. Experimental study on microphysical characteristics of cumulus hybrid clouds in the Sanjiangyuan region in relation to aircraft observation[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(5): 1360-1370.

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高度/m	LWC/(g·m^-3)		RH/%		ND/L^-1		ED/μm
高度/m	对流泡	层云	对流泡	层云	对流泡	层云	对流泡	层云
7850	0.07	0.06	100	100	138.41	17.14	422.36	258.87
7500	0.12	0.11	100	100	208.94	20.71	475.03	305.65
7200	0.24	0.17	100	100	139.20	36.95	367.34	298.52
6900	-	0.28	-	100	-	51.86	-	123.45
6600	0.53	0.50	94	92	63.10	50.11	310.47	244.17