This paper analyzes the effects of different fertilizers and different fertilization ways on wheat yield in-crease under the moderate fertility of grey desert soil in an arid area, the No. 149 Farm, Eight Division, Xinjiang Corps of Production and Construction, Xinjiang, China after carrying out an experiment. The results are as follows: (1)The optimal fertilizing quantities of N, P and K fertilizers with drip irrigation of spring wheat are 234 kg / hm² , 108 kg / hm² and 61.7 kg / hm² , respectively; the optimal fertilizing ways are the combinations of 75% drip fertili-zing and 25% basal fertilizing of N fertilizer, 75% basal fertilizing and 25% drip fertilizing of P fertilizer, and 50% basal fertilizing and 50% drip fertilizing of P fertilizer; (2)The wheat yield increase effect of the fertilizers varies in a range of 26.5%-41.5% , in which the wheat yield increase effects of N, P and K fertilizers are 35.9% , 13.8% and 8.1% respectively; (3)The N, P and K contents in wheat plants are increased with increas-ing the applied N, P and K fertilizers, and they are increased by 9.95% , 3.09% and 11.26% if the fertilizing quantities of N, P and K fertilizers are increased by 1 kg / hm² ; (4)N fertilizer can be transported by irrigation wa-ter to all the depths of plough layer, P fertilizer is mainly in topsoil of 0-10 cm in depth, and the transferability of K fertilizer is higher than that of P fertilizer but lower than that of N fertilizer.