Analysis on the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Precipitation under Different Intensities in China in Recent 50 Years
Received date: 2009-09-21
Revised date: 2010-03-24
Online published: 2026-01-09
The IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report was issued in 2007, in which it was pointed out that the precip-itation in many regions in a zone of 30°-85°N was in a remarkable increased trend, but it was in a decrease trend in the low-latitude regions. As a result of global warning, the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events are in an obvious increase trend in many areas. Because of the land-sea thermal contrast and complex topography, the main land of China is subject to drought and flood almost every year. There is no obvious change of annual precipi-tation trend in China, but the regional characteristics of precipitation are significant. The inter-decadal variation of precipitations is closely related to severe drought and flood, and the anomaly of seasonal alternation of atmospheric circulation plays an important role in the occurrence of drought and flood. At the aspect of extreme precipitation, the trend of extreme precipitation in China in recent 50 years was researched by Zhai, et al. The conclusion reveals that extreme precipitation decreased significantly in north China and Sichuan Basin, but increased in west China, the Yangtze River Valley and southeast China. Some other studies suggest that the extreme precipitation days in-creased in northwest China and the middle-lower Yangtze Plain, but decreased in north China and some regions in south China.+++Annual, seasonal, and monthly precipitation can incompletely reflect the local precipitation status. Some re-searches found that the number of rainy days changes asynchronously with precipitation. Recent researches suggest that the annual and seasonal days of precipitation are decreasing significantly along with the decrease of precipitati-on. The researches on precipitation are different on precipitation intensity. Precipitation with different intensities plays an important role in daily life and routine production, so it is quite necessary to analyze the climatic statistical characteristics and variations of precipitation days and precipitation with different intensities.+++Based on the daily precipitation data from 679 stations in China during the period of 1957-2006, some new indexes were defined to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of precipitation with different intensities in China. The results are as follows: (1)Proportion of sprinkle in annual precipitation decreases significantly from northwest China to southeast China, but the proportion of sprinkle days in annual precipitation days is the highest; and the contribution rate of moderate precipitation to annual precipitation is relatively stable since recent 50 years, it fluctuates in a range from 20% to 38% , but it is less than 11% in Gansu-Xinjiang and Qinghai-Tibet regions and 11%-16% in other areas; the proportion of heavy precipitation in annual precipitation and the proportion of heavy precipitation days in annual precipitation days increase. (2)Analyses on the trends of annual precipitation and precipitation days reveal that all the sprinkle and moderate precipitation days as well as the annual precipitation in-crease in west China. The most significant increase is found in the eastern Tibet Plateau, while the decrease is de-tected in central and northeast China. (3)The correlation between the number of sprinkle or moderate precipitation days and annual precipitation decreases from the north to the south, but that between heavy rain and annual precip-itation increases. The moderate rain days have increased significantly in Gansu-Xinjiang and Qinghai-Tibet climatic regions since the 1980s and increased in the 1960s respectively, the moderate rain days have decreased in Inner Mongolia climatic region since the 1990s. The heavy rain days in south China have been in an obvious increase trend since the 1970s, and the abrupt change occurred in 1971. The change of annual heavy-rain days is not signif-icant in 4 climate regions including northeast China, north China, southwest China and central China.
CHEN Xiao-yan , SHANG Ke-zheng , WANG Shi-gong , YANG De-bao . Analysis on the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Precipitation under Different Intensities in China in Recent 50 Years[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2010 , 27(5) : 766 -772 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2010.05.010
| 〔1〕 | Solomon Susan, Qin Dahe, Manning Martin, et al. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis〔M〕. New York: Cambridge Uni-versity Press,2007. |
| 〔2〕 | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The Regional Impacts of Climate〔M 〕. New York: Cambridge University Press,1996: 517. |
| 〔3〕 | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC). The Regional Impacts of Climate〔M〕. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998: 517. |
| 〔4〕 | Iwashima T, Yamamoto R. A statistical analysis of the extreme e-vents: Long-term trend of heavy daily precipitation〔J〕. Meteoro-logical Society of Japan, 1993,71: 637-640. |
| 〔5〕 | Tosnis A. Widespread increases in multi-decadal variability of pre-cipitation over the last century〔J〕. Nature, 1996,382: 700-702. |
| 〔6〕 | 符淙斌, 延晓冬, 郭维栋. 北方干旱化与人类适应〔J〕. 自然科学进展, 2006,16(10): 1 216-1 223. |
| 〔Fu Congbin, Yan Xia-odong, Guo Weidong. Aridity trend in northern China and human adaptation—An solution to the problem of the regional response and adaptation of global change affronting national key needs ac-cording to earth system science view〔J〕. Progress in Natural Sci-ence, 2006, 16(10): 1 216-1 223〕 | |
| 〔7〕 | 左洪超, 吕世华, 胡隐樵. 中国近50年气温及降水的变化趋势分析〔J〕. 高原气象, 2004, 23(2): 238-244. |
| 〔Zuo Hongchao, Lv Shihua, Hu Yinqiao. Variations trend of yearly mean air tempera-ture and precipitation in China in the last 50 years〔J〕. Plateau Meteorology, 2004, 23(2): 238-244.〕 | |
| 〔8〕 | 刘引鸽. 陕北黄土高原降水的变化趋势分析〔J〕. 干旱区研究, 2007, 24(1): 49-55. |
| 〔Liu Yinge. Analysis on the change trend of precipitation in North Shaanxi Province in the Loess Plateau〔J〕. Arid Zone Research, 2007, 24(1): 49-55.〕 | |
| 〔9〕 | 翟盘茂, 邹旭恺. 1951-2003年中国气温和降水变化及其对干旱的影响〔J〕. 气候变化研究进展, 2005,1(1): 16-18. |
| 〔Zhai Panmao, Zou Xukai.Change in temperature and precipitation and their impacts on drought in China during 1951-2003 〔J〕. Ad-vances in Climate Change Research,2005, 1(1): 16-18.〕 | |
| 〔10〕 | 王绍武, 蔡静宁, 朱锦红. 19世纪80年代到20世纪90年代中国年降水量的年代际变化〔J〕. 气象学报, 2002,60(5): 637-640. |
| 〔Wang Shaowu, Cai Jingning, Zhu Jinghong. The inter-decad-al variations of annual precipitation in China during 1880’s-1990’s〔J〕. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2002, 60(5): 637-640.〕 | |
| 〔11〕 | 廖清海, 陶诗言. 东亚地区夏季大气环流季节循环进程及其在区域持续性降水异常形成中的作用〔J〕. 大气科学, 2004,28(6): 835-845. |
| 〔Lao Qinghai, Tao Shiyan. The seasonal march of atmospheric circulation over East Asia in the late summer and its role in the formation of the regional persistent precipitation anomaly〔J〕. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2004, 28(6): 835-845.〕 | |
| 〔12〕 | Zhai P M, Zhang X B, Wan H, et al. Trends in total precipitation and frequency of daily precipitation extremes over China〔J〕. Jour-nal of Climate, 2005, 18: 1 096-1 108.〕 |
| 〔13〕 | 翟盘茂, 任福民, 张强. 中国降水极值变化趋势检测〔J〕. 气象学报, 1999, 57(2): 208-216. |
| 〔Zhai Panmao, Ren Fumin, Zhang Qiang. Detection of trends in China’s precipitation extremes〔J〕. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 1999, 57(2): 208-216.〕 | |
| 〔14〕 | 钱维宏, 符娇兰, 张玮玮, 等. 近40年中国平均气候与极值气候变化的概述〔J〕. 地球科学进展, 2007,22(7): 673-684. |
| 〔Qian Weihong, Fu Jiaolan, Zhang Weiwei, et al. Change in mean climate and extreme climate in China during the last 40 years〔J〕. Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(7): 673-684.〕 | |
| 〔15〕 | 任朝霞, 杨达源. 近40年西北干旱区极端气候变化趋势研究〔J〕. 干旱区资源与环境, 2007,21(4): 10-13. |
| 〔Ren Zhaoxia, Yang Dayuan. Study on trends of extreme climate change in the ar-id-region of Northwest China in resent 40 years〔J〕. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2007, 21(4): 10-13.〕 | |
| 〔16〕 | 曹玲, 李岩瑛, 刘明春, 等. 1958-2006年河西走廊极端天气气候事件变化特征〔J〕. 干旱区研究, 2009,26(5): 649-655. |
| 〔Cao Ling, Li Yanying, Liu Mingchun, et al. Change characteristics of extreme weather and climatic events over the Hexi Corridor dur-ing the period of 1958-2006 〔J〕. Arid Zone Research,2009, 26(5): 649-655.〕 | |
| 〔17〕 | 张天宇, 程炳岩, 刘晓冉. 近45年长江中下游地区汛期极端强降水事件分析〔J〕. 气象, 2007,33(10): 80-87. |
| 〔Zhang Tianyu, Cheng Bingyan, Liu Xiaoran. Analysis of extreme heavy precipitation event over the mid-lower reaches of Yangtze River in flood season during last 45 years〔J〕. Meteorological Monthly, 2007, 33(10): 80-87.〕 | |
| 〔18〕 | 张文, 寿绍文, 杨金虎. 长江中下游地区汛期极端降水量的异常特征分析〔J〕. 气象, 2007, 33(3): 61-67. |
| 〔Zhang Wen, Shou Shaowen, Yang Jinhu. Analysis of anomaly characteristics of ex-treme precipitation in flood season in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River〔J〕. Meteorological Monthly, 2007, 33(3): 61-67.〕 | |
| 〔19〕 | 马柱国, 华丽娟, 任小波. 中国近代北方极端干湿事件的演变规律〔J〕. 地理学报, 2003, 58(增刊): 69-74. |
| 〔Ma Zhuguo, Hua Lijuan, Ren Xiaobo. The extreme dry / wet events in Northern China during recent 100 years〔J〕. Acta Geographica Sinic, 2003, 58(Suppl.): 69-74.〕 | |
| 〔20〕 | 王颖, 施能, 顾骏强, 等. 中国雨日的气候变化〔J〕. 大气科学, 2006, 30(1): 162-170. |
| 〔Wang Ying, Shi Neng, Gu Junqiang, et al. Climatic variation of wet days in China〔J〕. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Science, 2006, 30(1): 162-170.〕 | |
| 〔21〕 | 顾骏强, 施能, 薛根元. 近40年浙江省降水量、雨日的气候变化〔J〕. 应用气象学报, 2002,13(3): 322-329. |
| 〔Gu Junqiang, Shi Neng, Xue Genyuan. Climatic variations of rainfall and wet days in Zhejiang Province〔J〕. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 2002, 13(3): 322-329.〕 | |
| 〔22〕 | 刘德祥, 白虎志, 梁东升, 等. 甘肃不同强度降水日数变化对干旱灾害的影响〔J〕. 干旱地区农业研究, 2007,25(2): 212-217. |
| 〔Liu Dexiang, Bai Huzhi, Liang Dongsheng, et al. Effect of change of rain day for different intensities on drought disaster in Gansu province〔J〕. Agricultural Research in Arid Area, 2007, 25(2): 212-217.〕 | |
| 〔23〕 | 汪青春, 李林, 刘蓓, 等. 青海省近40年雨日、雨强的气候变化特征〔J〕. 青海气象, 2003(4): 16-21. |
| 〔Wang Qingchun, Li Lin, Liu Bei, et al. Climate variational characteristics of rain day and rain intensity for the last 40 years in Qinghai province〔J〕. Journal of Qinghai Meteorology, 2003(4): 16-21.〕 | |
| 〔24〕 | 毕伯钧, 于系民. 辽东山区雨日分布特征及其对玉米产量的影响〔J〕. 气象学报, 1985,43(2): 180-187. |
| 〔Bi Bojun, Yu Ximin. Rainy days distribution characteristic and its effect on maize yield in Liaodong mountainous〔J〕. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 1985, 43(2): 180-187.〕 | |
| 〔25〕 | 彭贵芬, 刘瑜. 云南各量级雨日的气候特征及变化〔J〕. 高原气象, 2009,28(1): 214-219. |
| 〔Peng Guifeng, Liu Yu. Climatic characteristic and change of rain day for different intensities in Yunnan〔J〕. Plateau Meteorology, 2009, 28(1): 214-219.〕 | |
| 〔26〕 | 施能, 黄先香, 杨扬. 1948-2000年全球陆地年降水量场趋势变化的时空特征〔J〕. 大气科学, 2003,27(6): 971-982. |
| 〔Shi Neng, Huang Xianxiang, Yang Yang.Spatiotemporal features of trend variation of global land annual rainfall fields from 1948-2000 〔J〕. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2003, 27(6): 971-982.〕 | |
| 〔27〕 | 罗汉民, 严秉耀, 吴诗敦, 等. 气候学〔M〕. 北京: 气象出版社,1986. |
| 〔Luo Hanmin, Yan Bingyao, Wu Shidun, et al. Climatology〔M〕. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 1986. 〕 | |
| 〔28〕 | 陈隆勋, 周秀骥, 李维亮, 等. 中国近80年来气候变化特征及其形成机制〔J〕. 气象学报, 2004,62(5): 634-646. |
| 〔Chen Longxun, Zhou Xiuji, Li Weiliang, et al. Characteristics of the cli-mate change and its formation mechanism in China in last 80 years〔J〕. Plateau Meteorology, 2004, 62(5): 634-646.〕 | |
| 〔29〕 | 白虎志, 董文杰. 华西秋雨的气候特征及其成因分析〔J〕. 高原气象, 2004, 23(6): 884-889. |
| 〔Bai Huzhi, Dong Wenjie. Climate features and formation causes of autumn rain over southwest China〔J〕. Plateau Meteorology, 2004, 23(6): 884-889.〕 | |
| 〔30〕 | 郝立生, 闵锦忠, 姚学祥. 华北地区夏季降水减少的原因分析〔J〕. 干旱区研究, 2007,24(4): 522-527. |
| 〔Hao Lisheng, Min Jinzhong, Yao Xuexiang. Analysis on the causes resulting in the re-duction of summer rainfall over north China〔J〕. Arid Zone Re-search, 2007, 24(4): 522-527.〕 | |
| 〔31〕 | 王大钧, 陈列, 丁裕国. 近40年来中国降水量、雨日变化趋势及与全球温度变化的关系〔J〕. 热带气象学报, 2006,22(3): 283-289. |
| 〔Wang Dajun, Chen Lie, Ding Yuguo. The change trend in rainfall,wet days of China in recent 40 years and the correlation between the change trend and the change of globe temperature〔J〕. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2006, 22(3): 283-289.〕 | |
| 〔32〕 | 马振锋, 彭俊, 高文良. 近40年西南地区的气候变化事实〔J〕. 高原气象, 2006, 25(4): 633-642. |
| 〔Ma Zhenfeng, Peng Jun, Gao Wenliang. Climate variation of Southwest China in recent 40 years〔J〕. Plateau Meteorology, 2006, 25(4): 633-642.〕 | |
| 〔33〕 | 郭慕萍, 王志伟, 秦爱民, 等. 54年来中国西北地区降水量的变化〔J〕. 干旱区研究, 2009,26(1): 120-125. |
| 〔Guo Muping, Wang Zhiwei, Qin Aimin, et al. Changes in precipitation in north-west China over the last 54 years〔J〕. Arid Zone Research, 2009, 26(1): 120-125.〕 | |
| 〔34〕 | 格桑, 唐小萍, 路红亚. 近35年青藏高原雨量和雨日的变化特征〔J〕. 地理学报, 2008, 63(9): 924-923. |
| 〔Ge Sang, Tang Xi-aoping, Lu Hongya. Climatic characteristics of rainfall and rainy days during the last 35 years over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau〔J〕. Acta Geographica Sinic, 2008, 63(9): 924-923.〕 | |
| 〔35〕 | 宁亮, 钱永甫. 中国年和季各等级日降水量的变化趋势分析〔J〕. 高原气象, 2008,27(5): 1 010-1 020. |
| 〔Ning Liang, Qian Yongfu. Analyses on trends of annual and seasonal four kinds of daily precipitation in China〔J〕. Plateau Meteorology, 2008, 27(5): 1 010-1 020.〕 |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |