Stipagrostis pennata is a herbage plant species growing over deserts in the Junggar Basin in north Xin-jiang, it is powerful in resisting high temperature, drought and sandstorm, and is an excellent pasture of livestock, so it is of significance to study this plant species. Now some scientists are increasingly focusing on the study on the value of Stipagrostis pennata. There are some ways to study Stipagrostis pennata from the aspects of morphologic classification, distribution regions, ecosystem, etc. , however, there is no the study on the anatomical structure of Stipagrostis pennata for revealing its resistibility to harsh environment. In this paper, the structure of the vegetative organs of Stipagrostis pennata is studied. The results reveal that the structure of the vegetative organs of Stipagrostis pennata is characterized by the developed roots, 3-4-layer exodermis cells, large interspace between endoderm cells, 31 protoxylems, great number of vessels and sieves in roots, developed root hair, thick cells outside the en-doderm, large areas of parenchyma in rhizome, dominant leaf sheath and thick cells outside leaves, a lot of thorns on leaves, more lines of bulliform cells in leaf epidermis, big cells of vascular sheath with a lot of chloroplasts, typ-ical structure of C₄ plant leaf, etc, which are of powerful characters of the plants to resist high temperature and drought and to fix sand. There are large cavities below stoma and bulliform cells, the large cavities bring about a moist microenvironment, make leaves curle under high temperature, and reduce evaporation from leaves. Stipagros-tis pennata has powerful viability under severe environment.