Aksu Prefecture is located in the northern marginal zone of the Taklimakan Desert, the second largest mobile desert in the world, where soil erosion is very serious, the area with soil erosion is as large as 1.031 \times {10}^5 {\mathrm{k}\mathrm{m}}^2 and occupies 77 \mathrm{\%} of the total area.Occurrence of soil erosion results in degradation and desertification of land, reduction of soil fertility and deterioration of agricultural production conditions, and restricts the local social and economic sustainable development.This paper analyzes the current situation, characteristics, causes and harm-fulness of soil erosion in Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang.Some patterns of preventing and combating soil erosion in the prefecture are put forward aiming at the concrete conditions in the ravine areas, alluvial-diluvial areas in piedmont, seriously wind-eroded desert vegetation areas in oases, industrial and mining areas, peripheral regions of the reser-voirs, along the roads, etc.The study results can be referred in preventing and combating soil erosion in Aksu Pre-fecture.