Environment and development are focused in the world of today and water is a link to maintain the balance bet ween economic development and ecological environment. Shulehe river basin is located in the west of arid Hexi corridor, where is being developed a newagriculture irrigation area. In pace with a large scale develop-ment of water and land by human, the ecological environment will be changed because the variation of cycle sys-tem of surface water groundwater is related to the environment al problems, such as vegetation dy ing grassland degeneration, spring water decrease, salting of soil and desert ization have been occured in similar areas, for ex-ample, Shiyanghe river basin and Heihe river basin. According to the invertigated datain 90 's of twenty centu-ry, the relationship between ecological environment and groundwater is studied based on the analysis about the feature of ecological environment, current situat ion of desertification and historical evolution of environment and the evolution pattern of vegetat ion affected by groundwater is proposed. The pattern and some ot her conclusions maybe have reference value to draw up the development of Water resources and to propose the countermeasure for environmental protection in Shulehe river basin or extended to Nort hwest China.