The arid area of northwest China is one of areas that will be exploited in the massive developmet of west China.But due to economic profit, human being have been overusing water resources so that bring about a series of ecological environment problems, which have hold up development of economy.Making good use of water resources is basic assurance of basin economy development.Based on the analysis of characters of inland river basin water resources system, and of present situation of water resources exploitation and main water environmental problelms, this paper draws a conclusion that making good use of water resources is the core of ecological rebuilding in the arid area of northwest China.Meanwhile, the article puts forward some ways and countermeasures about utilization of water resources and ecological rebuilding.