In this paper, the land use/cover change (LUCC), system stability and ecosystem service value in the Yanqi Basin, Xinjiang, China were investigated based on the land use/cover classification data derived from the Landsat TM images in 1990, 2000 and 2010. The results are as follows: ① During the period of 1990-2010, the land use/cover change in the Yanqi Basin was obvious, which was characterized by the enlargement of cultivated land area and the reduction of grassland area to some extent, and the rapid expansion of cultivated land occurred during the period of 2000-2010; ② During the period of 2000-2010, the information entropy and balance degree of land use were rapidly increased, which revealed that the instability of land use system and the instability of oasis were serious, and then the ecological security in the lower reaches of the Tarim River was threatened; ③ The value of ecosystem services in the study area was increased at first and then decreased, and the harmonious development of the “ecology-economy-water” did not be achieved due to the big consumption of water resources, which should be emphasized.
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