The data of main ion concentrations in rainwater were collected from the urban and rural areas in Weinan City,China during the period from June 2013 to September 2014. The Trend Analysis and Enrichment Factor methods were used to analyze the chemical characteristics of constant ions. The Source Contribution method was used to explore the potential sources. The results showed that the average value of total concentration of ions in urban area (775.59 μeq·L^-1) was much higher than that in rural area (383.60 μeq·L^-1) due to the influence of human activities. The main cations in both areas were Ca²⁺ and NH⁺₄,accounting for 80.05% and 89.82% of the total cation concentration,respectively. The main anions in both areas were SO^2-₄ and NO^-₃,accounting for 93.54% and 92.51% of the total anion concentration,respectively. The concentration of ions in rainwater was in an order of Ca²⁺ > NH⁺₄ > SO^2-₄>NO^-₃>Na⁺> K⁺>Mg²⁺>Cl^->F^->NO^-₂,and that in rural area was in an order of NH⁺₄>SO^2-₄>Ca²⁺>NO^-₃>Mg²⁺>Cl^->Na⁺>K⁺>F^->NO^-₂. Affected by the emission sources,rainfall and meteorological factors,the seasonal differences of total ion concentrations were significant,and they were in an order of winter>autumn>spring>summer. According to the quantitative source analysis,the ion concentrations in rainwater were affected by anthropogenic sources in both urban and rural areas. All sources of NH⁺₄ and F^- were anthropogenic,and >95% SO^2-₄ and NO^-₃ were also contributed by anthropogenic sources. Mg²⁺ and K⁺ were mainly from non-seasalt sources,and the proportion of non-seasalt sources in urban area was slightly higher than that in rural area. Na⁺ in urban area was mainly contributed by non-seasalt sources,but it was mainly from the seasalt sources in rural area.