新疆吐哈盆地与巴伊盆地种子植物区系及物种分布格局比较

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2026.01.10

Abstract

Abstract:

This research into the flora and species distribution pattern of seed plants in the Turpan-Hami and Barkol-Yiwu basins provides crucial theoretical information on the origin and evolution of species, the conservation of biodiversity, and the development and utilization of plant resources. The two basins are distinct natural geographic units in the Tuha region of Xinjiang that are separated by the eastern Tianshan Mountains. A comparative analysis on seed plant species between the two basins, including the families and genera identified, floristic geographical elements, and the species distribution pattern, yields the following main results. (1) There is a total of 997 species of seed plants in the Tuha region, belonging to 64 families and 373 genera: 738 species in 60 families and 321 genera in the Turpan-Hami Basin and 729 species in 55 families and 316 genera in the Barkol-Yiwu Basin; the density of species in the Turpan-Hami Basin (5.0×10^‒3 species·km^‒2) is lower than that in the Barkol-Yiwu Basin (13.0×10^‒3 species·km^‒2). (2) In the Turpan-Hami Basin, families containing 2-10 species and only one species account for 71.67% of the total families; the proportion of genera with one species accounts for 51.09% of the total genera and the species account for 22.22% of the total species. In the Barkol-Yiwu Basin, families containing 2-10 species and only one species account for 70.91% of the totalfamilies; the proportion of genera with one species accounts for 56.33% of the total genera and the species account for 24.42% of the total species. (3) The ratio of tropical to temperate elements at the family and genus levels in the Barkol-Yiwu Basin is lower than that in the Turpan-Hami Basin; this finding indicates stronger temperate characteristics in the former and more pronounced tropical affinities in the latter, revealing spatial heterogeneity between the two basins. (4) The analysis of species suitability using the optimal ensemble model from the Biomod2 package shows that the Barkol-Yiwu Basin has higher species richness than the Turpan-Hami Basin. Species in the Barkol-Yiwu Basin are mainly concentrated in the central-west of the basin, whereas those in the Turpan-Hami Basin are concentrated in the west of the basin. Mean diurnal temperature range, human influence index factors, and mean annual precipitation are the main factors accounting for the distribution patterns. Thus, in the Tuha region, the flora is relatively rich and the geographical composition of families and genera is predominantly temperate; the species richness is higher in the Barkol-Yiwu Basin than in the Turpan-Hami Basin, and the distribution pattern is characterized by a higher seed plant richness in the Barkol-Yiwu Basin than in the Turpan-Hami Basin. These results provide a scientific basis to guide the conservation and sustainable utilization of wild plant resources in the Tuha region, as well as supporting ecological restoration and construction.

Key words: Turpan-Hami Basin, Barkol-Yiwu Basin, flora, species distribution pattern

YUAN Jingjing, TONG Ting, Madina YEHYA, XING Zhenduo, TAN Dunyan, Jannathan MAMUT. A comparison of the flora and species distribution pattern of seed plants in the Turpan-Hami and Barkol-Yiwu Basins, Xinjiang, China[J].Arid Zone Research, 2026, 43(1): 108-120.

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环境变量	含义	环境变量	含义
bio2	平均气温日较差/℃	T-OC	顶层有机碳含量/%
bio3	等温性/%	T-CEC-CLAY	黏性成分阳离子交换能力/（cmol·kg^-1）
bio12	年降水量/mm	T-CEC-SOIL	土壤的阳离子交换能力
bio16	最湿季度降水量/mm	Footprint	人类影响指数
bio19	最冷季度降水量/mm

科名	吐哈盆地			巴伊盆地
科名	种数	占中国比例/%	占世界比例/%	种数	占中国比例/%	占世界比例/%
菊科	112	4.50	0.96	104	4.18	0.89
禾本科	84	4.68	0.76	86	4.79	0.78
豆科	61	3.65	0.34	68	4.06	0.38
苋科	55	21.74	3.56	72	28.46	4.65
十字花科	43	10.44	1.23	48	11.65	1.37
蔷薇科	30	3.16	0.91	29	3.05	0.88
毛茛科	29	3.15	1.16	26	2.82	1.04
石竹科	27	6.92	1.35	26	6.67	1.30
唇形科	26	3.22	0.74	23	2.85	0.66
蓼科	26	10.92	2.32	21	8.82	1.88
紫草科	18	6.12	0.72	18	6.12	0.72
石蒜科	15	31.25	1.25	-	-	-
莎草科	14	1.62	0.26	19	2.20	0.35

科名	吐哈盆地			巴伊盆地
科名	种数	占中国比例/%	占世界比例/%	种数	占中国比例/%	占世界比例/%
柽柳科	12	37.50	10.91	-	-	-
麻黄科	5	35.71	12.50	5	35.71	12.50
白刺科	4	66.67	36.36	3	50.00	27.27
水麦冬科	2	100.00	11.11	2	100.00	11.11
锁阳科	1	100.00	50.00	1	100.00	50.00

级别	吐哈盆地/巴伊盆地
级别	科数	占总科数的比例/%	所含属数	占总属数的比例/%	所含种数	占总种数的比例/%
大科（>100种）	1/1	1.67/1.82	47/42	14.64/13.29	112/104	15.18/14.27
较大科（51~100种）	3/3	5.00/5.45	87/86	27.11/27.22	200/226	27.10/31.00
中等科（11~50种）	13/12	21.66/21.82	112/121	34.89/38.29	275/257	37.26/35.25
寡种科（2~10种）	30/29	50.00/52.73	62/57	19.31/18.04	138/132	18.70/18.11
单型科（仅1种）	13/10	21.67/18.18	13/10	4.05/3.16	13/10	1.76/1.37

级别	吐哈盆地/巴伊盆地
级别	属数	占总属数的比例/%	所含种数	占总种数的比例/%
大属（>20种）	0/2	0.00/0.63	0/44	0.00/6.04
较大属（10~20种）	7/6	2.18/1.90	91/78	12.33/10.70
中等属（6~9种）	15/16	4.67/5.06	110/113	14.91/15.50
小属（2~5种）	135/114	42.06/36.08	373/316	50.54/43.34
极小属（1种）	164/178	51.09/56.33	164/178	22.22/24.42

A comparison of the flora and species distribution pattern of seed plants in the Turpan-Hami and Barkol-Yiwu Basins, Xinjiang, China

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分布区类型	吐哈盆地		巴伊盆地
分布区类型	科数	占总科数的比例/%	科数	占总种数的比例/%
1 世界分布	31	51.66	32	58.18
2 泛热带分布	8	13.33	5	9.09
2-2 热带亚洲—热带非洲—热带美洲间断分布	1	1.67	1	1.82
2S 以南半球为主的泛热带	1	1.67	1	1.82
4 旧世界热带分布	1	1.67	1	1.82
6 热带亚洲至热带非洲分布	-	-	-	-
6d 南非（主要是好望角）分布	1	1.67	-	-
8 北温带分布	4	6.66	4	7.27
8-4 北温带和南温带间断分布	8	13.33	7	12.72
8-5 欧亚和南美洲温带间断	2	3.33	1	1.82
10 旧世界温带分布	1	1.67	1	1.82
12 地中海区、西亚至中亚分布	-	-	-	-
12-1 地中海区至中亚和南部非洲、大洋洲间断分布	1	1.67	1	1.82
12-3 地中海区至温带—热带亚洲，大洋洲和/或北美南部至南美洲间断分布	1	1.67	1	1.82
总计	60	100.00	55	100.00

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[3]	ZHANG Qiaoguan,ZHANG Daoyuan,LIU Huiliang. Floristic characteristics of the genus Allium Linnaeus in Xinjiang, China [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 522-540.
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[5]	WEN Zhi-bin, FENG Ying. Biodiversity and Geographical Distribution of the Genus Salsola L. in Xinjiang [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(1): 185-192.
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分布区类型	吐哈盆地		巴伊盆地
分布区类型	属数	占总属数的比例/%	属数	占总属数的比例/%
1 世界分布	52	16.20	55	17.41
2 泛热带分布	21	6.54	8	2.53
2-1 热带亚洲、大洋洲（至新西兰）和中、南美（或墨西哥）间断分布	1	0.31	-	-
4 旧世界热带分布	1	0.31	1	0.32
7 热带亚洲分布	2	0.62	2	0.63
8 北温带分布	79	24.61	80	25.31
8-1 环极（环北极）	1	0.31	-	-
8-2 北极—高山分布	5	1.56	6	1.90
8-4 北温带和南温带间断	25	7.79	26	8.22
8-5 欧亚和南美洲温带间断	4	1.25	3	0.95
9 东亚和北美间断分布	4	1.25	3	0.95
10 旧世界温带分布	35	10.90	35	11.08
10-1 地中海区，西亚（或中亚）和东亚间断	4	1.25	5	1.58
10-3 欧亚和南非（有时还有大洋洲）间断	6	1.87	5	1.58
11 温带亚洲分布	11	3.43	10	3.16
12 地中海、西亚至中亚分布	41	12.77	42	13.29
12-1 地中海区至中亚和南部非洲和/或大洋洲间断	1	0.31	1	0.32
12-2 地中海区至中亚和墨西哥至美国南部间断	2	0.62	2	0.63
12-3 地中海区至温带、热带亚洲，大洋洲和/或北美南部至南美洲间断	3	0.93	2	0.63
12-4 地中海至热带非洲和喜马拉雅间断	1	0.31	1	0.32
13 中亚分布	12	3.75	16	5.06
13-1 中亚东部	4	1.25	4	1.27
13-2 中亚至喜马拉雅和华西南	2	0.62	4	1.27
13-4 中亚至喜马拉雅—阿尔泰和太平洋北美间断	-	-	1	0.32
14 东亚分布	2	0.62	2	0.63
14 （SJ）中国—日本	-	-	1	0.32
15 中国特有分布	2	0.62	1	0.32
总计	321	100.00	316	100.00