气候环境

扎龙盐沼湿地旱化特征及其对演替的影响

  • 罗金明 ,
  • 王永洁 ,
  • 柏 林 ,
  • 刘复刚
展开
  • (齐齐哈尔大学理学院,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔161006)
罗金明(1977-),男,博士,教授,从事盐沼湿地演替与水盐运移研究. E-mail:luojm1000@163.com

收稿日期: 2018-01-29

  修回日期: 2018-03-15

  网络出版日期: 2018-09-20

基金资助

国家自然基金项目(41771250);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501201)和黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目(135209248,135109231)资助

Effect of Drought Stress on Succession of the Zhalong Wetland

  • LUO Jin-ming ,
  • WANG Yong-jie ,
  • BAI Lin ,
  • LIU Fu-gang
Expand
  • (Department of Science, Heilongjiang Qiqihar, P R China, 161006)

Received date: 2018-01-29

  Revised date: 2018-03-15

  Online published: 2018-09-20

摘要

结合降水量、湿地蓄水量以及水面面积数据,研究扎龙盐沼湿地近年来的旱化特征及其对湿地演替的影响。结果表明:近年来,扎龙湿地呈现出持续干旱的状态是多种要素综合作用的结果。1970年以前,研究区的旱涝情况主要受自然环境的影响(降水量的年际变化、厄尔尼诺事件以及太阳黑子周期性变化等);1970年以后,湿地的旱涝程度是自然环境与人为活动共同作用的。1860—1970年,扎龙湿地旱涝变化以3~6 a和20~30 a周期为主。近半个世纪以来,扎龙湿地表现出干旱缺水的状态,其原因主要与人类活动限制了乌裕尔河上游径流进入湿地有关。扎龙湿地持续干旱缺水导致大面积沼泽消失并形成盐渍化土壤,研究区盐渍土面积已经由1979年的170 km2增加到2017年的245 km2,并且有相当一部分土壤盐渍化过程发生在湿地核心区。
关键词:盐沼湿地;旱涝等级;径流量;小波分析;马尔可夫链预测;扎龙;松嫩平原

本文引用格式

罗金明 , 王永洁 , 柏 林 , 刘复刚 . 扎龙盐沼湿地旱化特征及其对演替的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018 , 35(5) : 1167 -1172 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2018.05.01

Abstract

In this study, the effect of drought stress on the succession of the Zhalong Wetland in northeast China in recent years was analyzed based on the data of precipitation, water storage and water area n the study area. The results indicated that the persistent drought was jointly affected by various factors. The rought or looding in the wetland was influenced by the natural factors before 1970, such as the fluctuation of runoff volume, EI Nino event and change of solar spots, nevertheless, it was jointly governed by both the natural environment change and human activities after then. During the period from 1860 to 1970, there were the 3-6 a and 20-30 a main periods of drought or flooding fluctuation. However, drought was dominant in recent 50 years due to the increase of human activities. The persistent drought stress resulted in the disappearance of wetland and soil salinization in large area, that is, the area of salinized soil was enlarged from 150 km2 in 1979 to 250 km2 in 2015, and some of which occurred in the core area of the Zhalong Wetland.

参考文献

[1] Yang Fan, An Huafeng, Ma Hongyuan, et al. Variations on soil salinity and sodicity and its driving factors analysis under microtopography in different hydrological conditions[J]. Water, 2016, 8(9):1-13.
[2] Wang Li, Seki Katsutoshi, Miyazaki T, et al. The causes of soil alkalinization in the Songnen Plain of Northeast  China[J]. Paddy and Water Environment, 2009, 7(3): 259-270.
[3] 吕宪国. 中国湿地与湿地研究[M]. 石家庄: 河北科学技术出版社, 2008. [Lv Xianguo. Wetland System Study in China[M]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei Science and Technology Press, 2008]
[4] 王涛, 霍彦峰, 罗艳. 近300 a来天山中西部降水与太阳活动的小波分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2016, 33(4): 708–716. [Wang Tao, Huo Yanfeng, Luo Yan. Precipitation and sunspots in the central West Tianshan Mountains in recent 300 years[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2016, 33(4): 708-716.]
[5] 窦睿音, 延军平. 关中平原太阳黑子活动周期与旱涝灾害的相关性分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2013, 27(8): 76-82. [Dou Ruiyin, Yan Junpin. Relationships between drought and flood disasters in Guanzhong plain and the activities of sunspot[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2013, 27(8): 76–82.]
[6] 徐梦雅, 毕硕本, 武玮婷, 等. 清代华中地区干旱灾害时间特征及成因分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2017, 31(10): 105-110. [Xu Mengya, Bi Shuoben, Wu Weiting, et al. Analysis of temporal characteristics and causes of drought disaster in central China during Qing dynasty[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2017, 31(10): 105-110.]
[7] 毛海涛, 樊哲超, 何华祥, 等. 干旱、半干旱区平原水库对坝后盐渍化的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2016, 33(1): 179-184. [Mao Haitao, Fan Zhechao,He Huaxiang, et al. Changing process and the impact factors of wetland ecosystem in Zhalong Wetland [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2016, 33(1): 74-79.]
[8] 张玉红, 张树清, 苏立英, 等. 基于3S的扎龙湿地土地盐碱化趋势分析[J]. 农业系统科学与综合研究, 2010, 26(2): 140-144. [Zhang Yuhong, Zhang Shuqing, Su Liying, et al. Analysis of basification trend at Zhalong Wetland based on 3S[J]. System Sciences and Comprehensive Steppes in Agricuture, 2010, 26(2): 140-144.]
[9] Bai Lin, Wang Cuizhen, Zang Shuying, et al. Remote sensing of soil alkalinity and salinity in the Wuyu’er-Shuangyang River basin, Northeast China[J]. Remote Sensing, 2016, 8(9):1-16.
[10] Sui F Y, Zang S Y, Fan Y W, et al. Effects of different saline-alkaline conditions on the characteristics of phytoplankton communities in the lakes of Songnen Plain, China[J]. Plos One, 2016, 11(10): e0164734, 1-18.
[11] Wang Yongjie, Luo Jinming, Ye Yajie, et al. Edaphic characterization, water and salt translocation in saline marsh at local scale in Songnen Plain, Northeast China[J].Advanced Materials Research, 2012, 383: 3 744-3 750.
[12] 中央气象科学研究院. 中国近500年旱涝分布图集[M]. 北京: 地图出版社, 1981. [Chinese Academy of Meterolorological Science. Distribution Atlas of drought and flood in approximately 500 years in China[M]. Beijing:China cartographic Publishing House, 1981. ]
[13] 周林飞, 许士国, 李青山, 等. 扎龙湿地生态环境需水量安全阈值的研究[J]. 水利学报, 2007, 38(7): 845-851. [Zhou Linfei, Xu Shiguo, Li Qinshan, et al. Safety threshold of eco-environmental water requirement in wetland[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2007, 38(7): 845-851.]
[14] 张玉红, 苏立英, 于万辉, 等. 扎龙湿地景观动态变化特征[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(1): 131-142.[Zhang Yuhong, Su Liying, Yu Wanghui, et al. Characteristics of landscape dynamic changes in Zhalong wetland[J].  Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(1): 131-142.]
[15] 柏林, 臧淑英, 张丽娟, 等. 扎龙湿地降水变化非线性特征研究[J]. 地理与地理信息科学, 2014, 30(3): 105-107. [Bai Lin, Zang Shuying, Zhang Lijuan, et al. Study on non-linear characteristics of precipitation variation in Zhalong Wetland[J]. Geography and Geo-information Science, 2014, 30(3): 105-107. ]
[16] 穆穆, 任宏利. 2014—2016年超强厄尔尼诺事件研究及其预测给予我们的启示[J].中国科学: 地球科学, 2017, 47: 993-995. [Mu Mu, Ren Hongli. Enlightments from researches and predications of 2014-2016  super EI Niño events[J]. Scientia Sinica Terrae, 2017, 47: 993-995. ]
[17] Jian Qiu. China faces up to ‘terrible’ state of its ecosystems[J]. Nature, 2011, 471: 19-20
[18] 刘昌明. 东北地区水与生态环境问题保护对策[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2007. [Liu Changming. Protect Strategy of Water and Ecological Environment in Northeast China[M]. Beijin: Scientific Press of China, 2007. ]
[19] 沃晓棠, 孙彦坤, 田松岩. 扎龙湿地景观格局与气候变化[J].东北林业大学学报, 2014,42(3): 55-59. [Wo Xiaotang, Sun Yankun, Tian Songyan. Landscape and climate change in Zhalong Wetland[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2014,42(3): 55-59.]
文章导航

/