亚洲中部生态与环境

亚洲中部干旱区降水异常的大气环流特征

  • 杨莲梅 ,
  • 关学锋 ,
  • 张迎新
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  • 1.中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002;
    2.中亚大气科学研究中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
杨莲梅(1969-),女,研究员,博士,主要从事中亚天气气候研究. E-mail: yanglm@idm.cn

收稿日期: 2017-09-22

  修回日期: 2017-11-21

  网络出版日期: 2018-04-18

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41565003,41661144024),科技部公益性行业科研专项(GYHY201506009),中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(IDM2016001)

Atmospheric Circulation Characteristics of Precipitation Anomaly in Arid Regions in Central Asia

  • YANG Lian-mei ,
  • GUAN Xue-feng ,
  • ZHANG Ying-xin
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  • 1. Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China;
    2. Central Asian Center of Atmospheric Science,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China

Received date: 2017-09-22

  Revised date: 2017-11-21

  Online published: 2018-04-18

摘要

亚洲中部干旱区(中亚五国和新疆)是地中海气候与东亚季风气候的过渡带,区域天气气候与欧洲和东亚季风区迥异,具有世界独特的干旱区生态气候模式,即山地森林草原—盆地平原绿洲寓于荒漠,并与荒漠共存的生态气候地理格局。天气气候受高、中、低纬环流的共同影响,区域内部差异很大,形成多背景、多因子、多尺度影响下的极具代表性的气象灾害孕育和成灾环境。亚洲中部干旱区光热资源丰富、蒸发量大、气温变化剧烈,而降水稀少,且分布极不均匀,天山山脉的中西段是降水高值区,近百年来整体表现为增暖、增湿趋势。高、中、低纬系统和中亚低值系统的活跃,共同造就了中亚东部(新疆)降水年代际和年际异常增多。西亚西风急流是联系高、中、低纬环流系统相互作用的纽带。目前,该区域气象综合观测网建设不能满足应对气候变化的需求,同时对区域特有的环流系统、灾害性天气气候发生规律和形成机理、高分辨率区域数值模式、地—气相互作用对区域天气气候的影响、气候变化预估等方面的研究也较薄弱,开展上述研究对“丝绸之路经济带”可持续发展具有重要科学意义和战略价值。

本文引用格式

杨莲梅 , 关学锋 , 张迎新 . 亚洲中部干旱区降水异常的大气环流特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018 , 35(2) : 249 -259 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2018.02.01

Abstract

As a climate transition zone between the Mediterranean climate region and the East Asian monsoon region,the arid regions in Central Asia (including five Central Asian countries and Xinjiang of China) are influenced by high,medium and low latitude circulations,where the regional synoptic-climatic characteristics are widely different from those in Europe and East Asia.Central Asia has the unique and complicated topography and ecosystem patterns,such as the deserts,oases,glaciers and basins,and also has a highly representative environment of forming meteorological disasters under the influence of multiple backgrounds,multiple factors and multiple scales.These regions have abundant solar-heat energy,high evaporation and dramatic temperature change.Moreover,the precipitation in Central Asia is scarce and has extremely uneven distribution,but its value in the western and central parts of the Tianshan Mountains is high.Over the last one hundred years,a warm-wet trend occurred in the Tianshan Mountains.Precipitation in the eastern part (Xinjiang) of Central Asia was significantly increased under the active effects of low value system in Central Asia together with the high,medium and low latitude circulation systems.Currently,the studies are inadequate at the aspects of the regional peculiar circulation system,occurring regularity and formation mechanism of disastrous weathers,high-resolution regional numerical model,effects of land-atmosphere interaction on regional weather and climate change due to the insufficient construction of integrated meteorological observation network.Correspondingly,to carry out these studies is of the essential scientific significance and strategic value for the sustainable social and economic development along the Silk Road Economic Belt.

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