干旱区研究

干旱区研究 >

2016 , Vol. 33 >Issue 3: 584 - 592

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13866/j.azr.2016.03.19

气候变化

应用陆面模式进行干旱监测的过程和实现

  • 张良 ,
  • ZHANGHu-qiang ,
  • 张强 ,
  • 李耀辉 ,
  • 赵建华 ,
  • 赵煜飞
展开
  • 1.兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃 兰州 730000;
    2.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730020;
    3.澳大利亚气象局(BOM),澳大利亚 墨尔本 3001;
    4.国家气象信息中心, 北京 100081
张良(1980-),男,副研究员,在职博士生,主要从事陆面过程和干旱方面的研究. E-mail: lzhangmet@hotmail.com

收稿日期: 2015-09-17

  修回日期: 2015-12-02

  网络出版日期: 2016-05-31

基金资助

(气象)公益类行业专项(GYHY201006023); 国家自然科学基金项目(41375019,41374036)资助

收起

Process and Achievement of Drought Monitoring Based on Land Surface Model

  • ZHANG Liang ,
  • ZHANG Hu-qiang ,
  • ZHANG Qiang ,
  • LI Yao-hui ,
  • ZHAO Jian-hua ,
  • ZHAO Yu-fei
Expand
  • 1. College of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;
    2. Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration/Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction/ Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction,China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China;
    3. Bureau of Meteorology (BOM),Melbourne 3001,Australia;
    4. National Meteorological Information Center,Beijing 100081,China

Received date: 2015-09-17

  Revised date: 2015-12-02

  Online published: 2016-05-31

Fold

摘要

在我国,应用陆面模式准实时监测干旱是一种正在发展的监测方法。从模式强迫资料生成,模式运行及结果后处理和干旱监测产品生成3方面,阐述应用CABLE陆面模式进行干旱监测的过程和实现方法。首先,详述了生成强迫资料所需的各种资料及其插值和订正方法。其次,介绍了应用陆面模式干旱监测的等级判断方法,概述了通过Shell语言和NCO(NetCDF Operator)软件实现干旱监测的自动化运行过程。通过对比模式与自校正帕尔默指数(sc_PDSI) 对我国北方1997/1998年干旱监测的效果,发现模式监测干旱的起止时间优于sc_PDSI,发生范围较sc_PDSI更加准确,与实际土壤湿度观测资料结果更为一致。研究表明,陆面模式结果能够反映土壤湿度对于历史同一时期的相对干旱程度,是对土壤湿度长时间观测资料不足的有效补充。研究还发现,应用sc_PDSI监测我国南方干旱时,应当进行参数的本地化订正。

关键词： 陆面模式; CABLE模式; 干旱监测; 过程; 实现

本文引用格式

张良 , ZHANGHu-qiang , 张强 , 李耀辉 , 赵建华 , 赵煜飞 . 应用陆面模式进行干旱监测的过程和实现[J]. 干旱区研究, 2016 , 33(3) : 584 -592 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2016.03.19

Abstract

It is a developing method to monitor drought in near-real time based on land surface model in China.The procedure of forcing data,running of Australian Community Atmosphere and Biosphere Land Exchange Model (CABLE) and processing of model results,and producing of drought monitoring products were stated in this study.Firstly,the multiple types of data for producing forcing data and the corresponding methods of interpolation and correction were depicted in detail.Then,the methods of drought monitoring and drought classification were introduced,and the automatic process of drought monitoring with Shell scripts and NetCDF Operator (NCO) was summarized.The comparison between the model results and the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc_PDSI) in the 1997/1998 drought event revealed that the model results performed better than sc_PDSI in the drought starting time and ending time as well as the region of drought monitoring.The simulated and measured values of soil moisture content were quite similar,which illustrated that the model results can be used to reflect the relative drought level in history,and they can be used to compensate the scarcity of long-term observed data of soil moisture content.Furthermore,the study showed that it is necessity to make a correction of sc_PDSI when it is used in monitoring drought in south China.

Key words： land surface model; CABLE model; drought monitoring; process; achievement

参考文献

〔1〕 钱正安,宋敏红,李万源,等.全球、中蒙干旱区及其部分地区降水分布细节〔J〕.高原气象,2011,30(1):1-12.〔Qian Zhengan,Song Minhong,Li Wanyuan,et al.Global,China-Mongolia arid-and semiarid areas (CMASA) and the details of precipitation distribution in part regions of CMASA〔J〕.Plateau Meteorology,2011,30(1):1-12.〕
〔2〕 Ross T,Lott L.A climatology of 1980-2003 extreme weather and climate events〔R〕.National Climatic Data Center Technical Report 2003-01,2003:1-14.
〔3〕 马柱国,符淙斌.20世纪下半叶全球干旱化的事实及其与大尺度背景的联系〔J〕.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2007,37(2):222-233.〔Ma Zhuguo,Fu Congbin.Evidences of drying trend in the global during the later half of 20th century and their relationship with large-scale climate background〔J〕.Science China:Earth Sciences,2007,37(2):222-233.〕
〔4〕 马柱国,符淙斌.中国干旱和半干旱带的10年际演变特征〔J〕.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):519-525.〔Ma Zhuguo,Fu Congbin.The interdecadal trend and shift of dry/wet over the central part of North China and their relationship to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)〔J〕.Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,48(3):519-525.〕
〔5〕 王玉娟,王树东,曾红娟,等.基于作物缺水指数法的渭河流域干旱特征〔J〕.干旱区研究,2014,31(1):118-124.〔Wang Yujuan,Wang Shudong,Zeng Hongjuan,et al.Drought characteristic in the Weihe River Basin based on water shortage index of crops〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2014,31(1):118-124.〕
〔6〕 潘冬梅,潘雪梅.基于K指数的阿勒泰地区夏季气象干旱特征〔J〕.干旱区研究,2013,30(2):336-340.〔Pan Dongmei,Pan Xuemei.Summer drought in Altay based on drought K index〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2013,30(2):336-340.〕
〔7〕 Zhang Wenjun,Jin Feifei,Zhao Jingxia,et al.The possible influence of a nonconventional El Nio on the severe autumn drought of 2009 in Southwest China〔J〕.Journal of Climate,2013,26(21):8 392-8 405.
〔8〕 李忆平,王劲松,李耀辉.2009/2010年中国西南区域性大旱的特征分析〔J〕.干旱气象,2015,33(4):537-545.〔Li Yiping,Wang Jinsong,Li Yaohui.Characteristics of a regional meteorological drought event in Southwestern China during 2009-2010〔J〕.Journal of Arid Meteorology,2015,33(4):537-545.〕
〔9〕 黄荣辉,郭其蕴,孙安健,等.中国气候灾害图集〔M〕.北京:海洋出版社,1997.〔Huang Ronghui,Guo Qiyun,Sun Anjian,et al.Chinese Atlas of Climate Disasters〔M〕.Beijing:Ocean Press,1997.〕
〔10〕张强,张良,催显成,等.干旱监测与评价技术的发展及其科学挑战〔J〕.地球科学进展,2011,26(7):763-778.〔Zhang Qiang,Zhang Liang,Cui Xiancheng,et al.Progresses and challenges in drought assessment and monitoring〔J〕.Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(7):763-778.〕
〔11〕王劲松,张强,王素萍,等.西南和华南干旱灾害链特征分析〔J〕.干旱气象,2015,33(2):187-194.〔Wang Jinsong,Zhang Qiang,Wang Suping,et al.Characteristic analysis of drought disaster chain in Southwest and South China〔J〕.Journal of Arid Meteorology,2015,33(2):187-194.〕
〔12〕Henry A J,1906:The Climatology of the United States〔M〕.Washington DC:Weather Bureau Bulletin Q,1906:51-58.
〔13〕Palmer W C.Meteorological Drought〔R〕.Research Paper No.45 Washington DC:U.S.Department of Commerce,Weather Bureau,1965:45-58.
〔14〕McKee T B,Doesken N J,Kleist J.The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales〔C〕//In Proceedings of the 8th Conference of Applied Climatology,17-22 January,Anaheim,CA.American Meterological Society,Boston,MA.1993:179-184.
〔15〕Heim R R Jr.A review of twentieth-century drought indices used in the United States〔J〕.Bulletin of American Meteorological Society,2002,83(8):1 149-1 165.
〔16〕王帅兵,李常斌,杨林山,等.基于标准化降水指数与Z指数的洮河流域干旱趋势分析〔J〕.干旱区研究,2015,32(3):565-572.〔Wang Shuaibing,Li Changbin,Yang Linshan,et al.Drought trend analysis based on standardized precipitation index and the Z index in the Tao River Basin〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2015,32(3):565-572.〕
〔17〕马海娇,严登华,翁白莎,等.典型干旱指数在滦河流域的适用性评价〔J〕.干旱区研究,2013,30(4):728-734.〔Ma Haijiao,Yan Denghua,Weng Baisha,et al.Applicability of typical drought indexes in the Luanhe River Basin〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2013,30(4):728-734.〕
〔18〕侯威,张存杰,高歌.基于标准降水指数的多尺度叠加干旱监测指标及其等级划分〔J〕.干旱区研究,2013,30(1):74-88.〔Hou Wei,Zhang Cunjie,Gao Ge.Research on multi-scale superposed drought index and its classification based on standardized precipitation index〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2013,30(1):74-88.〕
〔19〕Wilhite D A,Glantz M H.Understanding the drought phenomenon:The role of definitions〔J〕.Water International,1985,10(3):111-120.
〔20〕Sheffield J,Goteti G,Wen F,et al.A simulated soil moisture based drought analysis for the United States〔J〕.Journal Geophysical Research,2004,109(24):doi:10.1029/2004JD005182.
〔21〕Rodell M,Houser P R,Jambor U,et al.The global land data assimilation system〔J〕.Bulletin of American Meteorological Society,2004,85(3):381-394.
〔22〕Shraddhanand S,Steinemann A C,Lettenmaier D P.Drought monitoring for Washington State:Indicators and applications〔J〕.Journal of Hydrometeorology,2011,12(1):66-83.
〔23〕Wang Aihui,Lettenmaier D P,Sheffield J.Soil moisture drought in China,1950-2006〔J〕.Journal of Climate,2011,24(13):3 257-3 271.
〔24〕Li Mingxing,Ma Zhuguo.Soil moisture-based study of the variability of dry-wet climate and climate zones in China〔J〕.Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(4):531-544.
〔25〕韩帅,师春香,林泓锦,等.CLDAS 土壤湿度业务产品的干旱监测应用〔J〕.冰川冻土,2015,37(2):446-453.〔Han Shuai,Shi Chunxiang,Lin Hongjin,et al.The CLDAS soil moisture operation products applied to monitor soil drought〔J〕.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(2):446-453.〕
〔26〕李耀辉,张良,张虎强,等.基于CABLE陆面模式的干旱监测及其对典型干旱事件的效果检验〔J〕.高原气象,2015,34(4):1 005-1 018.〔Li Yaohui,Zhang Liang,Zhang Huqiang,et al.Drought monitoring based on CABLE land surface model and its effect examination of typical drought events〔J〕.Plateau Meteorology,2015,34(4):1 005-1 018.〕
〔27〕Kowalczyk E,Wang Y P,Law R M,et al.CSIRO Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange model for use in climate models and as an offline model〔R〕.CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Technical report.2007:1-37.
〔28〕Wang Y P,Kowalczyk E,Leuning R,et al.Diagnosing errors in a land surface model (CABLE) in the time and frequency domains〔J〕.Journal of Geophysical Research,2011,116(6):doi:10.1029/2010JG001385.
〔29〕Wang Y P,Leuning R.A two-leaf model for canopy conductance,photosynthesis and partitioning of available energy I:Model description and comparison with a multi-layered model〔J〕.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1998,91(2):89-111.
〔30〕Raupach M R.A practical Lagrangian method for relating scalar concentrations to source distributions in vegetation canopies〔J〕.Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1989,115(487):609-632.
〔31〕Zhang Liang,Zhang Huqiang,Li Yaohui.Surface energy,water and carbon cycle in China simulated by the Australian community land surface model (CABLE)〔J〕.Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2009,96(3):375-394.
〔32〕Zhang Huqiang,Zhang Liang,Bernard Pak.Comparing surface energy,water and carbon cycle in dry and wet regions simulated by a land-surface model〔J〕.Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2011,104(3):511-527.
〔33〕Zhang Huqiang,Bernard Pak,Wang Y P,et al.Evaluating Surface Water Cycle Simulated by the Australian Community Land Surface Model (CABLE) across Different Spatial and Temporal Domains〔J〕.Journal of Hydrometeorology,2013,14(4):1 119-1 138.
〔34〕Ngo-Duc T,Polcher J,Laval K.A 53-year forcing data set for land surface models〔J〕.Journal of Geophysical Research,2005,110(6):doi:10.1029/2004JD005434.
〔35〕Svoboda M,LeComte D,Hayes M,et al.The drought monitor〔J〕.Bulletin of American Meteorological Society,2002,83(8):1 181-1 190.
〔36〕徐文彬.教育统计学:思想、方法与应用〔M〕.南京:南京师范大学出版社,2007.〔Xu Wenbin.Educational Statistics:Ideas,Method and Applications〔M〕.Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University Press,2007.〕
〔37〕白虎志,李耀辉,董安祥,等.中国西北地区近500年极端干旱事件(1470-2008)〔M〕.北京,气象出版社,2011.〔Bai Huzhi,Li Yaohui,Dong Anxiang.Extreme Drought Events over Northwest China for the Last 500 Years (1470-2008)〔M〕.Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2011.〕
〔38〕Lau K M,Weng Hengyi.Coherent modes of Global SST and summer rainfall over China:An assessment of the regional impacts of the 1997-1998 El Nio〔J〕.Journal of Climate,2001,14(6):1 294-1 308.
〔39〕Dai A.Characteristics and trends in various forms of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) during 1900-2008〔J〕.Journal of Geophysical Research,2011,116(12):doi:10.1029/2010JD015 541.
〔40〕Xu Kai,Yang Dawen,Yang Hanbo,et al.Spatio-temporal variation of drought in China during 1961-2012:A climatic perspective〔J〕.Journal of Hydrology,2014,526(7):253-264.
〔41〕杨扬,左洪超,王丽娟,等.干旱区荒漠草原过渡带快速变化的陆面过程特征观测分析〔J〕.干旱气象,2015,33(3):412-420.〔Yang Yang,Zuo Hongchao,Wang Lijuan,et al.Transient change characteristics of land surface process over desert-steppe transitional zone in arid regions〔J〕.Journal of Arid Meteorology,2015,33(3):412-420.〕
〔42〕张强,邹旭恺,肖风劲,等.气象干旱等级,GB/T20481-2006,中华人民共和国国家标准〔S〕.北京:中国标准出版社,2006.〔Zhang Qiang,Zou Xukai,Xiao Fengjin,et al.Meteorology Drou-ght Classification.GB/T20481-2006,National Standard of Peop-le’public of China〔S〕.Beijing:China Standards Press,2006.〕
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉