为促进蓖麻在西北绿洲灌溉区的推广种植和产量提高,以农风牌蓖麻杂交种作为试验材料,采用田间试验方法,对蓖麻不同生育期各器官干物质累积量和养分含量(N、P、K)进行了研究,同时记录蓖麻各生育期的有效积温,以探讨蓖麻在干旱灌区的生长发育和养分累积规律。结果表明:蓖麻各器官的干物质积累速率均呈“慢-快-慢”的变化趋势,但峰值的出现时间因器官不同而有所差异,其中,营养器官的干物质积累速率在花期最大,穗在果期;而且从果期开始,蓖麻穗部干物质净积累量的分配率逐渐高于营养器官,并在灌浆期达到顶峰(80%以上)。氮素在蓖麻体内的累积主要在灌浆期前,但磷素的累积到灌浆期仍能保持在很高的水平,而且这一时期蓖麻茎叶中的大量磷、钾素会转运至穗部。此外,蓖麻主穗和一级穗从现蕾到灌浆成熟均需要58 d,所需≥10 ℃的有效积温分别为924 ℃和888 ℃。蓖麻的生长发育及需肥规律表现出一致的趋势,高峰期均在花果期,此时应加强对肥料的管理,在生长发育中后期要特别注意磷、钾肥的追施。
A field experiment was conducted to promote castor plantation in the irrigated oasis area of northwest China.At each growth stage,the dry matter and nitrogen (N),phosphorus (P),potassium (K) accumulation of stem,leaf and ear were determined and the effective accumulated temperature was recorded.The results indicated that all the dry matter accumulation rates of stem,leaf and ear tended to present a change rule of“slow-fast-slow”,but the peaks of the dry matter accumulation rate of different organs were different,with vegetative organs at flowering stage and ear at fruiting stage.Starting from fruiting stage,the assigning rate of the net dry matter accumulation in ear was larger than that in vegetative organs gradually,and it reached the peak of more than 80% at filling stage.The nitrogen accumulation of castor plants mainly occurred before filling stage,but the phosphorus accumulation of castor was still high at filling stage.And at this stage,plenty of the phosphorus and potassium in leaf and stem was transferred to ear.In addition,from budding to mature,both of main ear and ear at level 1 needed 58 days,but main ear needed effective accumulated temperature of 924 ℃ and level 1 ear needed 888 ℃.It followed that growth and fertilizer regularity of castor showed a consistent trend and both of their peaks were at flowering and fruiting stage,so at this stage the management of fertilizer should be strengthened,besides,at middle and later growth stages phosphate and potash fertilizer topdressing should also be noticed.
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