2012—2013年在阿拉尔垦区间作棉田中设置试验,分析间作系统中棉花种植模式和水分胁迫对土壤水分、产量的影响。研究表明:① 0~100 cm土层,蕾期和吐絮期田间土壤含水量表现出先降低再升高的趋势,含水量最低值出现在40~60 cm土层。花铃期田间土壤含水量先降低再升高,而后又降低,拐点分别为40~60 cm土层和 60~80 cm土层。② 蕾期,M2W4、M2W2、M2W3、M1W4土壤含水量较高。花铃期,M2W2含水量较高。吐絮期M2、M3模式土壤含水量整体较高。③ 同一模式下,棉花单株产量最高的是W2水分处理(4 500 m3·hm-2);同一灌水量处理下,单株产量经济效益最高的是M2模式(距红枣行距1.0 m处种植棉花)。综合考虑,距幼龄红枣行距1.0 m 处种植棉花,配合滴灌水量4 500 m3·hm-2利于棉田发挥最大生产潜力,也利于单株棉花产量的提高。
Alear agricultural area in Xinjiang is located in the Taklimakan desert edge,with dry climate year-round,big water evaporation capacity,small rainfall,the climate type is unique. In recent years,with the speeding up of the agricultural industrialization,fruit-cotton interplanting has developed into local important agricultural production mode. Fruit,cotton intercropping can not only change the photosynthetic characteristics of cotton,affecting the canopy structure and accumulation distribution of dry matter,also can increase crop yield .To analyze the effects of planting patterns and water stress on soil water and yield of cotton,setting experiment at intercropping cotton field of Alar region from 2012 to 2013. The results showed that:① in budding and boll opening stage,the soil moisture decreased first,then increasing in 0-100 cm soil layer,soil moisture of 40-60 cm soil layer is the lowest. In blooming stage,soil moisture decreased first,then increased,and then decreased,the inflection point in 40-60 cm and 60-80 cm soil layer.② in budding stage,the soil moisture of M2W4,M2W2,M2W3,M1W4 is higher than others; in blooming stage,the soil moisture of M2W2 is higher; in boll opening stage,the soil moisture of planting pattern M2 and M3 is higher.③ Under the same pattern,there is the highest cotton yield per plant with 4 500 m3·hm-2,same amount of irrigation treatment,the highest economic yield per plant is planting pattern M2. Considering with many aspects,planting cotton 1.0 m away from young wild jujube matching up with drop irrigation water volume 4 500 m3·hm-2 conducive to maximize production potential,but also enhance single cotton yield.
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