为了农业灌溉,干旱、半干旱区修建大量的平原水库,坝基多位于第四纪松散深厚覆盖层上,深厚覆盖层地基上平原水库的渗漏引起坝后地下水位抬升,造成水库下游大面积土地盐渍化,使许多土地减产甚至弃耕。通过对代表性平原水库的监测,分析水库对坝后地下水临界水位的影响程度,进而分析防渗措施的型式。利用有限元计算了深厚覆盖层透水坝基垂直防渗墙和水平铺盖时,坝基渗流量与防渗体尺寸的关系,并联合坝后排水体进行综合控制地下水临界水位,推导出控制地下水临界水位的水库防渗体尺寸计算公式。结合工程实例计算表明,选择合理的防渗体型式并结合排渗体联合控渗,可以从源头上控制坝基的渗漏量,使坝后地下水位控制在临界水位以下,防治坝后土壤的次生盐渍化问题。
There was a lot of plain reservoirs in northwest of arid and semi-arid area for agricultural irrigation , needless to say, the plain reservoir played an irreplaceable role in the national production and daily life, but there were also many urgent ecological environment problems need to solve. Leakage problem of the plain reservoir uplifted the underground water level behind the dam, a large area of land was salinization, which led to the output reduction and abandoned cultivation severely. This paper focus on the perspective seepage of reservoir using the finite element model to calculate the relationship between dam foundation seepage discharge and impervious body size of the permeable dam foundation with vertical anti-seepage wall and horizontal bedding. The critical groundwater level was controlled comprehensively with the combination of the drainage body and the impervious body size calculation formula was derived for controlling the critical groundwater level of reservoir. Combined with the engineering example of calculation shows that, as long as the choice of reasonable impervious body type and water seepage drainage body, leakage can be completely controlled from the foundation head, the dam underground water level could be controlled at the critical level, secondary salinization prevention of soil dam could be conducted gradually.
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