采用痕迹样方和对照样方分析卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区狼(Canis lupus)的生境选择及其季相变化。结果表明:春季,狼选择海拔900~1 000 m的山坡和山顶,距离水源2~4 km,道路0.5~1 km,居民点2~4 km及隐蔽级高(0.9~1)的区域;夏季,选择山坡和山沟、海拔900~1 000 m、与水源距离≤2 km、距离道路1.5~3 km、与居民点的距离4~6 km;以及隐蔽级高(0.9~1)的地域;冬季,选择山坡和沙丘、海拔≤800 m、与水源距离≤2 km、与道路的距离1.5~3 km、与居民点的距离2~4 km、隐蔽级在0.5~0.9的区域。主成分分析表明,春季狼生境选择主要受人为干扰的影响,夏季主要受水源因子干扰的影响,冬季主要受食物干扰的影响。
Race samples and control quadrants were used to study habitat selectivity and seasonal variations of wolves in Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve (MKUNR) of southeastern Junggar Basin,Xinjiang. The results showed that,in spring, wolves preferred to select mountain slope and mountaintop, 900-1 000 m of altitude, with distance of 2 to 4 km to permanent water source, 0.5-1 km to main road, 2-4 km to human community, and the canopy cover was 0.9-1. In summer, wolves preferred to select mountain slope and mountain trench, 900-1 000 m of altitude, with distance less than 2 km to permanent water source, 1.5-3 km to main road, 2-4 km to human community, and the canopy cover was 0.9-1. In winter, wolves preferred to select mountain slope and sand dune, under 800 m of altitude, with distance less than 2 km to permanent water source, 1.5-3 km to main road, 2-4 km to human community, and the canopy cover was 0.5-0.9. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that habitat selectivity of wolves was mainly affected by human disturbance in spring, by water source in summer, and by food in winter.
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