干旱区研究

干旱区研究 >

2015 , Vol. 32 >Issue 2: 304 - 312

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13866/j.azr.2015.02.14

气候与气候变化

内蒙古高原小叶锦鸡儿灌丛沙堆对气流结构与风蚀的影响

  • 安晶 ,
  • 哈斯 ,
  • 杜会石 ,
  • 杨一 ,
  • 张萍
展开
  • 1.北京师范大学资源学院,北京 100875;
    2.宁夏大学农学院,宁夏 银川 750021
安晶(1988-),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为水土资源与生态恢复. E-mail: 201121190034@mail.bnu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2013-07-12

  修回日期: 2013-10-25

  网络出版日期: 2015-04-16

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(41171002)

收起

Impact of Caragana microphylla Nabkhas on Airflow Structure and Wind Erosion in Inner Mongolia Plateau

  • AN Jing ,
  • HASI Eerdun ,
  • DU Hui-shi ,
  • YANG Yi ,
  • ZHANG Ping
Expand
  • 1. College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
    2. College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China

Received date: 2013-07-12

  Revised date: 2013-10-25

  Online published: 2015-04-16

Fold

摘要

小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)灌丛沙堆是内蒙古高原东南部农牧交错区的主要风沙堆积类型。通过对该区典型灌丛沙堆周围风沙气流的野外观测,结果表明,气流方向与强度和输沙率,随沙堆不同位置而发生变化。绕过沙堆两侧的气流和越过沙堆上部的气流在背风侧汇集,并在同等沙堆高度的范围内和1.5倍沙堆高度的水平范围内出现涡流。从灌丛沙堆迎风坡脚经南北两侧至背风坡脚以及背风侧5倍沙堆高度的水平距离间,风速依次出现逐渐增大—最大—逐渐减小—最小—回増至旷野风速的变化过程。在不同风向条件下,灌丛沙堆背风侧气流的风速廓线,并不完全遵循对数变化规律,沙堆南侧气流在0.3~0.6 m高度处出现变异。另外,沙堆周围输沙率在迎风侧和南北两侧与风速变化基本一致,但在背风侧因气流方向紊乱而出现变异。输沙率随高度增加,在沙堆迎风侧至两侧各部位呈有规律递减,但在背风侧无规律。

关键词： 小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla); 灌丛沙堆; 气流结构; 输沙率; 内蒙古高原

本文引用格式

安晶 , 哈斯 , 杜会石 , 杨一 , 张萍 . 内蒙古高原小叶锦鸡儿灌丛沙堆对气流结构与风蚀的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2015 , 32(2) : 304 -312 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2015.02.14

Abstract

Caragana microphylla Nabkhas is the main aeolian deposit in the agro-pastoral transitional zones in southeast Inner Mongolia Plateau. Field investigations on the airflow structure and wind-sand flow of some typical nebkhas showed that the direction and intensity of the airflow and the sediment transport rate varied with the different positions of the nebkhas. The airflow around the nebkhas and over the top of the nebkhas merged together at leeward and turbulences were developed thereafter with a vertical range of the height of the nebkhas and a horizontal range of 1.5 times of the height of the nebkhas. The wind velocity increased at windward and kept increase at the north and the south sides of the nebkhas, then reached the lowest velocity at leeward and then gradually increased back to the wildness wind speed. The main wind direction affected the airflow at leeward. Under the different wind directions, the wind velocity profile around the nebkhas showed non-logarithmic regularity. The wind velocity at the height of 0.3-0.6 m changed under different wind directions at the south side of nebkhas. In addition, sediment transport rates at the windward, the north and south the sides of the nebkhas were consistent with the change of the velocity. However, sediment transport rate at leeward changed because of the turbulence. Sediment transport rate decreased with the increase of the height at windward and at the both sides of the nebkhas, but showed no regularity at leeward.

Key words： Caragana microphylla; nebkhas; airflow structure; sediment transport rate; Inner Mongolia Plateau

参考文献

〔1〕 Cooke R,Warren A,Goudie A.Desert Geomorphology〔M〕.London:UCL Press,1993.
〔2〕 奥勃鲁契夫B A.砂与黄土问题〔M〕.北京:科学出版社,1958.〔Obrutchev B A.Sand and Loess〔M〕.Beijing:Science Press,1958.〕
〔3〕 Nickling W G,Wolfe S A.The morphology and origin of nabkhas,region of mopti,mali,west Africa〔J〕.Journal of Arid Environments,1994,28:13-30.
〔4〕 Khalaf F I,Misak R,Al-Dousari A.Sedimentological and morphological characteristics of some nabkha deposits in the northern coastal plain of Kuwait,Arabia〔J〕.Journal of Arid Environments,1995,29:267-292.
〔5〕 岳兴玲,哈斯,庄燕美,等.沙质草原灌丛沙堆研究综述〔J〕.中国沙漠,2005,25(5):738-743.〔Yue Xingling,Hasi,Zhuang Yanmei,et al.Studies on sandy grassland nebkhas:A review〔J〕.Journal of Desert Research,2005,25(5):738-743.〕
〔6〕 Tengberg A.Nebkha dunes as indicators of wind erosion and land degradation in the sahelzone of Burina Faso〔J〕.Journal of Arid Environment,1995,30:265-282.
〔7〕 武胜利,李志忠,惠军,等.和田河流域灌(草)丛沙堆的形态特征与发育过程〔J〕.地理研究,2008,27(2):314-322.〔Wu Shengli,Li Zhizhong,Hui Jun,et al.The morphological characteristics and growth mode of nabkha in the basin of Hotan River,Xinjiang〔J〕.Geographical Research,2008,27(2):314-322.〕
〔8〕 杜建会,严平,俄有浩.甘肃民勤不同演化阶段白刺灌从沙堆分布格局及特征〔J〕.生态学杂志,2007,26(8):1 165-1 170.〔Du Jianhui,Yan Ping,E Youhao.Distribution patterns and characteristics of Nitraria tangutorun nebkha at its different evolvement stages in the Minqin County of Gansu Province〔J〕.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2007,26(8):1 165-1 170.〕
〔9〕 贾晓红,李新荣.腾格里沙漠东南缘不同生境白刺(Nitraria)灌丛沙堆的空间分布格局〔J〕.环境科学,2008,29(7):2 046-2 053.〔Jia Xiaohong,Li Xinrong.Spatial pattern of sand-mound of Nitraria in different habitat at the southeastern fringe of the Tengger Desert〔J〕.Environmental Science,2008,29(7):2 046-2 053.〕
〔10〕 刘冰,赵文智.荒漠绿洲过渡带泡泡刺灌丛沙堆形态特征及其空间异质性〔J〕.应用生态学报,2007,18(12):2 814-2 820.〔Liu Bing,Zhao Wenzhi.Morphological characteristics and spatial heterogeneity of Nitraria sphaerocarp nebkhas in desert-oasis ecotone〔J〕.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(12):2 814-2 820.〕
〔11〕 何志斌,赵文智.黑河流域荒漠绿洲过渡带两种优势植物种群空间格局特征〔J〕.应用生态学报,2004,15(6):947-952.〔He Zhibin,Zhao Wenzhi.Spatial pattern of two dominant shrub populations at transitional zone between oasis and desert of Heihe River Basin〔J〕.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(6):947-952.〕
〔12〕 杜建会,严平,丁连刚,等.民勤绿洲不同演化阶段白刺灌丛沙堆表面土壤理化性质研究〔J〕.中国沙漠,2009,29(2):248-253.〔Du Jianhui,Yan Ping,Ding Liangang,et al.Soil physical and chemical properties of Nitraria tangutorun nebkhas surface at different development stages in Minqin Oasis〔J〕.Journal of Desert Research,2009,29(2):248-253.〕
〔13〕 熊小刚,韩兴国.内蒙古半干旱草原灌丛化过程中小叶锦鸡儿引起的土壤碳氮资源空间异质性分布〔J〕.生态学报,2005,25(7):1 679-1 683.〔Xiong Xiaogang,Han Xingguo.Spatial heterogeneity in soil carbon and nitrogen resources,caused by Caragana microphylla,in the thicketization of semiarid grassland,Inner Mongolia〔J〕.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(7):1 679-1 683.〕
〔14〕 郭轶瑞,赵哈林,左小安,等.科尔沁沙地沙丘恢复过程中典型灌丛下结皮发育特征及表层土壤特性〔J〕.环境科学,2008,29(4):1 027-1 034.〔Guo Yirui,Zhao Halin,Zuo Xiaoan,et al.Crust development and subsurface soil properties under dominant shrubs in the process of dune restoration,Horqin Sand Land〔J〕.Environmental Science,2008,29(4):1 027-1 034.〕
〔15〕 孟祥利,陈世苹,魏龙,等.库布齐沙漠油蒿灌丛土壤呼吸速率时空变异特征研究〔J〕.环境科学,2009,30(4):1 152-1 158.〔Meng Xiangli,Chen Shiping,Wei Long,et al.Temporal and spatial variations of soil respiration in an Artemisia ordosica shrubland ecosystem in Kubuqi Desert〔J〕.Environmental Science,2009,30(4):1 152-1 158.〕
〔16〕 武胜利,李志忠,海鹰,等.新疆和田河流域单株柽柳灌丛流场的实验研究〔J〕.干旱区研究,2006,23(4):539-543.〔Wu Shengli,Li Zhizhong,Hai Ying,et al.Experimental study on the airf low patterns around single Tamarix plant in the Hotan River Basin,Xinjiang〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2006,23(4):539-543.〕
〔17〕 马全林,卢琦,张德魁,等.沙蒿与油蒿灌丛的防风阻沙作用〔J〕.生态学杂志,2012,31(7):1 639-1645.〔Ma Quanlin,Lu Qi,Zhang Dekui,et al.Wind prevention and sand resistance effects of Artemisia sphaerocephala and Aordosica〔J〕.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(7):1 639-1 645.〕
〔18〕 张萍,哈斯,岳兴玲,等.白刺灌丛沙堆形态与沉积特征〔J〕.干旱区地理,2008,31(6):926-932.〔Zhang Ping,Hasi,Yue Xingling,et al.Nitaria nebkhas:Morphology and sediments〔J〕.Arid Land Geography,2008,31(6):926-932.〕
〔19〕 唐艳,刘连友,哈斯,等.毛乌素沙地南缘3种灌草丛形态与阻沙能力的对比研究〔J〕.水土保持研究,2008,15(2):44-48.〔Tang Yan,Liu Lianyou,Hasi,et al.Comparison on morphology and sand trapping capability of three shrubs in south edge of Mu Us Sandland〔J〕.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(2):44-48.〕
〔20〕 王升堂,邹学勇,张春来,等.民勤绿洲边缘带灌丛沙丘防风作用研究〔J〕.地理科学,2007,27(1):104-108.〔Wang Shengtang,Zou Xueyong,Zhang Chunlai,et al.Wind-protecting effect of shrub dunes in ecotone of Minqin Oasis〔J〕.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2007,27(1):104-108.〕
〔21〕 王蕾,王志,刘连友,等.沙柳灌丛植株形态与气流结构野外观测研究〔J〕.应用生态学报,2005,16(11):2 007-2 011.〔Wang Lei,Wang Zhi,Liu Lianyou,et al.Field investigation on Salix psammophila plant morphology and airflow structure〔J〕.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(11):2 007-2 011.〕
〔22〕 贾宝全,慈龙骏,高志海,等.绿洲荒漠化及其评价指标体系的初步探讨〔J〕.干旱区研究,2001,18(2):19-24.〔Jia Baoquan,Ci Longjun,Gao Zhihai,et al.The desertification of oasis and ITS assessment indicators〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2001,18(2):19-24.〕
〔23〕 韩章勇,王雪芹,杨帆,等.策勒绿洲—沙漠过渡带两个建群种阻沙能力对比研究〔J〕.干旱区研究,2013,30(4):659-665.〔Han Zhangyong,Wang Xueqin,Yang Fan,et al.Sand trapping capability of two dominant plant species in the Qira Oasis-desert Ecotone〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2013,30(4):659-665.〕
〔24〕 哈斯,杜会石,孙禹.内蒙古高原小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)灌丛沙丘:形态特征及表面气流〔J〕.第四纪研究,2013,33(2):314-324.〔Hasi,Du Huishi,Sun Yu.Caragana microphylla nebkhas in Inner Mongolia of Inner Mongolia Plateau:Morphology and airflow structure〔J〕.Quaternary Sciences,2013,33(2):314-324.〕
〔25〕 Judd M J,Raupach M R,Finnigan J J.A wind tunnel study of turbulent flow around single and multiple windbreaks〔J〕.Boundary Layer Meteorology,1996,80:127-165.
〔26〕 Hesp P A.The formation of shadow dunes〔J〕.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1981,51:101-112.
〔27〕 Wasson R J,Nanninga P M.Estimating wind transport of sand on vegetated surface〔J〕.Earth Surface Progress and Landforms,1986,11:505-514.
〔28〕 彭飞,王涛,刘立超,等.民勤荒漠绿洲过渡带白刺灌丛沙堆演化阶段及其空间格局〔J〕.中国沙漠,2012,32(3):593-599.〔Peng Fei,Wang Tao,Liu Lichao,et al.Evolution phases and spatial pattern of nebkhas in Minqin Deset-oasis Ectone〔J〕.Journal of Desert Researc,2012,32(3):593-599.〕
〔29〕 Cornelis W M,Gabriels D.Optimal windbreak design for wind-erosion control〔J〕.Journal of Arid Environments,2005,61:315-332.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉