干旱区研究

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2014 , Vol. 31 >Issue 6: 1078 - 1085

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13866/j.azr.2014.06.15

气候变化

董志塬核心区降雨侵蚀力时间分布及变化趋势

  • 张新 ,
  • 李启权 ,
  • 郭佳 ,
  • 刘娇 ,
  • 岳天祥 ,
  • 冯强 ,
  • 刘相君 ,
  • 郑艳芬
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  • 1.四川农业大学资源环境学院,四川 成都 611130;
    2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101;
    3.甘肃省庆阳市水土保持管理局,甘肃 西峰 745000;
    4.黄河水利委员会三门峡库区水文水资源局,河南 三门峡 472000
张新(1992-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为水土资源与环境. E-mail:zhangxin_yb@126.com
李启权. E-mail:liqq@lreis.ac.cn

收稿日期: 2013-04-10

  修回日期: 2013-08-20

  网络出版日期: 2014-11-25

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41201214)

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Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Variation Trend of Rainfall Erosivity in the Core Area of Dongzhi Tableland

  • ZHANG Xin ,
  • LI Qi-quan ,
  • GUO Jia ,
  • LIU Jiao ,
  • YUE Tian-xiang ,
  • FENG Qiang ,
  • LIU Xiang-jun ,
  • ZHENG Yan-fen
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  • 1. College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China;
    2. Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
    3. Qingyang City Soil and Water Conservation Management Bureau of Gansu, Xifeng 745000, Gansu, China;
    4. Sanmenxia Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau, the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Sanmenxia 472000, Henan, China

Received date: 2013-04-10

  Revised date: 2013-08-20

  Online published: 2014-11-25

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摘要

利用董志塬中部西峰气象站1951—2011年逐日降雨量资料,采用日雨量侵蚀力模型、趋势系数和Mann-Kendall突变检验法,分析董志塬核心区61 a来降雨侵蚀力的年内分布和年际变化特征。结果表明:① 董志塬核心区降雨侵蚀力在706.9~3 200.6 MJ·mm·hm-2·h-1·a-1,平均为1 634.7 MJ·mm·hm-2·h-1·a-1;其中7—9月降雨侵蚀力占全年的72.6%,冬季自1954年以来无侵蚀性降雨发生。② 61 a来年降雨侵蚀力变化趋势系数为0.005,春、秋两季有一定程度的下降,而夏季表现为上升趋势,但趋势均不显著。③ 突变检测表明,降雨侵蚀力波动幅度逐渐增加,表现为变率突变。其中,春季降雨侵蚀力标准差和变异系数在1972年前后增加了38.5%和47.8%;夏季4个变化阶段(1951—1969年、1970—1976年、1977—1984年和1985—2011年)降雨侵蚀力标准差和变异系数增加了36.3%和11.0%;秋季波动幅度略有减小趋势;年降雨侵蚀力标准差和变异系数在1952—1961年、1962—1974年、1975—1986年和1987—2011年4个阶段显著上升。尽管61 a来研究区降雨侵蚀力没有明显增加,但其变率突变将造成在波峰年对土壤更严重的侵蚀危害。

关键词： 降雨侵蚀力; 日雨量; 趋势系数; Mann-Kendall突变检验法; 董志塬

本文引用格式

张新 , 李启权 , 郭佳 , 刘娇 , 岳天祥 , 冯强 , 刘相君 , 郑艳芬 . 董志塬核心区降雨侵蚀力时间分布及变化趋势[J]. 干旱区研究, 2014 , 31(6) : 1078 -1085 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2014.06.15

Abstract

Rainfall erosivity reflects the potential ability of soil loss caused by rainfall and is an important factor in quantitative prediction of soil loss. Based on the daily rainfall data between 1951 and 2011 from Xifeng meteorological station, which is in the center of Dongzhi tableland, rainfall erosivity was estimated and its temporal distribution characteristics and variation trend were analyzed with the trend coefficient and Mann-Kendall test. The results showed that: ① the annual rainfall erosivity value (R value) ranged from 706.9 to 3 200.6 MJ·mm·hm-2·h-1·a-1, with an average of 1 634.7 MJ·mm·hm-2·h-1·a-1 in the past 61 years. The seasonal distribution of R value is a single peak, concentrating from July to September and taking 72.6% of total annual R value. R value of July is the largest one among all months within a year which is 520.9 MJ·mm·hm-2·h-1·a-1 and takes 31.9% of total annual R value. There is no erosive rainfall in winter (January, February and December) since 1954; ② The trend coefficients of annual, vernal, aestival and autumnal R value during 1951-2011 are 0.005, -0.104、0.054 and -0.016, which suggested that the trend of ascend or descend are not significant; ③ The rainfall erosivity of the core area of Dongzhi tableland shows a change in variability in the past 61 years, which means that there is little change in average rainfall erosivity but the standard deviation (SD) and variation coefficient (CV) of the R value change significantly. The SD and CV of annual rainfall erosivity increased significantly (P=0.030 and 0.044<0.05). Except for autumn, the SD of vernal and aestival rainfall erosivity increased by 38.5% and 36.3% respectively while the CV of vernal and aestival rainfall erosivity increased by 47.8% and 11.0% respectively. Although there were no significant increase of rainfall erosivity in the core area of Dongzhi tableland during 1951-2011, the increasing variability of rainfall erosivity may increase the risk of soil loss.

Key words： rainfall erosivity; daily rainfall data; trend coefficient; Mann-Kendall test; Dongzhi tableland

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