利用20个气象站1978—2010年逐日降水资料,分析北京地区近33 a降水变化空间分布特征。结果表明:北京地区总降水量的分布与总降水强度关系比与降水日数的关系更为密切。然而,对于不同等级的降水,其降水量与降水日数关系较降水强度的关系更为密切。降水量在不同季节的分布不一致,而降水日数在不同季节的分布有一定的相似性,如在北京的西北部,不论任何季节,降水日数都较其他地区高;西南部和北部地区春季、夏季和秋季降水日数均较高,而冬季则有明显不同。春季和夏季降水强度从东南向西北逐渐减小,秋季降水强度从东北部向西南部逐渐减小,冬季城区及其城区以北地区降水强度较大。从降水量、降水日数和降水强度的变化趋势来看,大多数站点呈下降趋势,降水量与降水强度的变化趋势分布较为一致。
Based on the daily precipitation data from 20 national meteorological stations around Beijing, this paper analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of precipitation amount, days and intensity over more than thirty years from 1978 to 2010. The results showed that the distribution of the total precipitation amount was closely related to the precipitation intensity rather than to the precipitation days. However, at different precipitation levels, the distribution of the precipitation amount had a strong relationship with the days instead of the intensity. The distribution of precipitation amount in different seasons was varied significantly while the number of precipitation days in different seasons was quite similar. For example, in the north-west part of Beijing, no matter in which season, the precipitation amount was always higher than in the other parts. In the south-west and the north areas, the precipitation days were higher in spring, summer and autumn. The precipitation intensity gradually decreased from the south-east to the north-west in spring and in summer but vice versa in autumn. In winter time, the city area and the area to the north part of the city had a strong precipitation intensity. In the last 33 years, the precipitation amount, days and intensity in most stations in Beijing showed an apparent decreasing trend. The change trend of the precipitation amount distribution was positively related to the precipitation intensity.
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