通过对2007—2012年乌鲁木齐市大气硫酸盐化速率的月动态、季节动态、采暖季和非采暖季以及不同监测点的数值分析。结果表明:硫酸盐化速率具有明显的月变化和季节变化特征,冬季较高,夏季较低,且采暖季硫酸盐化速率远高于非采暖季。这种变化趋势与乌鲁木齐市以原煤为主的能源结构以及其独特地形造成的逆温层有关。“十一五”期间(2007—2010年),硫酸盐化速率呈持续降低趋势。“十二五”第一年(2011年)大幅增加,2012年有所降低。乌鲁木齐市不同区域的硫酸盐化速率具有较大的差异,经济发展水平高、人口密集的南部城区硫酸盐化速率较高,污染程度较大,平均值高于国家标准。乌鲁木齐大气环境的整体改善需加大科研投入、注重能源结构的调整、转变经济发展模式、经济中心北移和“煤改气工程”的继续推进等措施。
In this paper, the dynamic changes of monthly, seasonal, heating seasonal and non-heating seasonal air sulphation rates in Urumqi during the period from 2007 to 2012 were analyzed, and their differences among different monitoring sites were compared. The results showed that there were the obvious monthly and seasonal dynamic changes of sulphation rates, the sulphation rate was high in winter but low in summer, and it was much higher in heating season than in non-heating season. Such trend was closely related to the energy structure dominated by coal combustion for heating and the temperature inversion layer over Urumqi under the unique terrain. During the period of 2007-2010, the annual sulphation rate was decreased, it, however, was sharply increased in 2011, and then decreased again in 2012. In addition, it was found that the sulphation rate was significantly different from the different monitoring sites, it was high and even higher than the national standard in the southern districts where the economic development level and population density were high. In order to improve the air quality in Urumqi, it was suggested to adjust the energy structure, change the economic development mode and shift the economic center northward.
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