采集黄河内蒙古段头道拐断面表层水,用GC-ECD方法测定水中多氯联苯的含量,分析其赋存水平及时间分布特性。结果表明:共检出6种多氯联苯(PCBs),即PCB5、PCB29、PCB47、PCB98、PCB154和PCB171,4—12月总含量在1.61~5.12 ng·L-1,平均浓度为3.38 ng·L-1;10月含量最低, 8月含量最高。PCBs总体呈现春夏季高,秋冬季低的趋势,且变化与河流流量、流速基本成负相关。其中各月PCBs的组成以低氯代同系物为主。多氯联苯主要组分间呈显著的正相关性,表明其具有相似的环境行为且来源稳定。对该断面的污染水平进行了初步的评价,满足EPA的评价标准和地表水环境质量标准。通过探讨相关环境因子对其解吸行为的影响,证明水中PCBs含量与温度、pH及离子强度呈显著正相关关系,泥沙中有机质减少会造成PCBs的解吸。
The contents of 6 PCBs in river water at Toudaoguai section of the Yellow River were analyzed by GC-ECD. The total contents of PCBs ranged from 1.61 ng·L-1 to 5.12 ng·L-1 with an average value of 3.38 ng·L-1. The main compositions were the low-chloride compounds, and the detectable ratio of PCB29 and PCB98 was 100%. The highest and lowest contents of PCBs occurred in August and October respectively. Holistically, the contents of PCBs were high in spring and summer but low in autumn and winter. Moreover, a primary study on the influences of surrounding factors, such as temperature, pH value, ion intensity and organic matter content on desorption was carried out. The results showed that the contents of PCBs were positively correlated with temperature, pH value and ion intensity, and they were obviously affected by organic matter content in suspended sediment. It was found that there was a positive correlation among the PCBs congeners (PCB5, PCB29 and PCB47), which indicated that the sources of pollutants were the same and stable. Compared with the EPA and the national surface water environment quality criteria (GB3838-2002), the contents of PCBs at Toudaoguai section of the Yellow River were lower than the criteria.
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