在对新疆沙漠区域环境特点分析的基础上,基于新疆1∶1 000 000数字地貌图和TM影像数据及Google Earth等资料,利用GIS技术,编制了新疆沙漠分片图与沙漠类型分布图,对新疆沙漠空间分布与类型结构进行了分析。结果表明:① 新疆共有577块沙漠,可以划分为35片区。按照区域可分为塔里木盆地沙漠区、准噶尔盆地沙漠区、阿尔泰山沙漠区、准噶尔西部山沙漠区、昆仑山—阿尔金山沙漠区、天山沙漠区6个区;② 新疆沙漠面积达428 977.14 km2,占新疆总面积的26.12%;沙漠分布广泛,平原、丘陵和山地均有分布,但各区域的沙漠面积相差悬殊;沙漠在空间上呈聚集分布,主要分布在塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地;沙漠景观破碎化程度具有很大空间差异性,在塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地中面积较大沙漠的破碎化程度低,而在山地与两大盆地的过渡地带面积较小的沙漠破碎化程度较高。③ 新疆沙漠具有独特的地貌类型、稳定性和类型丰富度等类型结构,地貌类型以沙丘和沙垄为主,沙漠植被覆盖度差,以流动性沙丘和流动性沙垄为主,多数沙漠的类型丰富度贫乏,只有少数沙漠类型数量可以达到中等乃至极丰富。
This paper was designed to compile the piece-wise figures of deserts and their types in Xinjiang and to analyze the spatial distribution and structure of the deserts in Xinjiang based on the digital geomorphologic map (1∶1 000 000) and TM image data using Google Earth or GIS. The results were as follows: ① There are 577 desert fragments in Xinjiang, and they can be divided into 35 subareas. The deserts can be divided into six areas, i.e. the desert area in the Tarim Basin, desert area in the Junggar Basin, desert area in the Altay Mountains, west Junggar mountainous desert area, the Kunlun Mountain-Altun Mountain desert area, and Tianshan Mountain desert area; ② Area of the deserts in Xinjiang is 428 977.14 km2 and occupies a quarter (26.12%) of the total area of Xinjiang. Deserts are distributed widely in the plains, hilly regions and mountains. Spatially, the deserts are mainly distributed in the Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin. There is an obvious spatial heterogeneity of desert landscapes. The fragmentation degree of desert landscapes is high in the two large deserts in the Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin, and it is low in the two large basins but high in the mountain-basin ecotone; ③ There are the peculiar landforms dominated by dunes, longitudinal dunes, dune-chains and sand ridges in Xinjiang, and the desert vegetation coverage is low.
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