植被恢复可改变土壤水稳性团聚体的形成及其对土壤有机质的保护。通过对渭北旱塬礼泉县北部不同土地利用类型下土壤水稳性壤团聚体和有机质含量的分析,探讨了两者之间的关系。结果表明:＞0.25 mm土壤水稳性团聚体百分含量,平均质量直径和土壤有机质(SOM)含量在林地和永久性荒地中较农地大,而农地土壤水稳性团聚体的分形维数较大。矩法参数(Cs)在农地和一年荒地中为负值,而在林地和永久性荒地为正值。土壤有机质与水稳性团聚体平均质量直径线性正相关,粒级小于0.25 mm的水稳性团聚体中有机质含量最小,随粒级的增加,有机质线性增加,表明存在于水稳性团聚体内部的有机质矿化程度降低,同时也表明有机质为水稳性大团聚体的形成提供了良好的物质基础。渭北旱塬植被恢复可提高土壤有机质和水稳性团聚体含量。
The formation of soil water stable aggregates and their protective effects on soil organic matter content can be changed by regenerating vegetation. The content of water stable aggregates and soil organic matter under different land-use types in north Liquan County, the Weibei Dryland was analyzed. The results showed that the percentage content of soil water stable aggregates larger than 0.25 mm, mean weight diameter and soil organic matter content were higher in woodland and permanent wasteland than those in farmland, and the fractal dimension of water stable aggregates in farmland was higher than that in woodland and permanent wasteland. Moment method parameter (Cs) was negative in farmland and one-year waste land but positive in woodland and permanent wasteland. There was a linear positive correlation between soil organic matter content and mean weight diameter of water stable aggregates. Moreover, the organic matter content in soil water stable aggregate with a diameter less than 0.25 mm was the lowest, and it was increased linearly with the increase of diameter of water stable aggregate. Which revealed that the mineralization of soil organic matter within soil water stable aggregate was reduced, and soil organic matter provided a good material base for the formation of larger soil aggregate. Soil organic matter content and water stable aggregates can be improved by regenerating vegetation in the Weibei Dryland.
〔1〕 Moebius-Clune B N,Van Es H M,Idowu O J.Long-term soil quality degradation along a cultivation chronosequence in western Keyna〔J〕.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2011,141:80-99.
〔2〕 Su Y Z,Liu W J,Yang R,et al.Changes in soil aggregate,carbon,and nitrogen storages following the conversion of cropland to alfalfa forage land in the marginal oasis of northwest China〔J〕.Environmental Management,2009,43:1 061-1 070.
〔3〕 Nichols K A,Toro M.A whole soil stability index (WSSI) for evaluating soil aggregation〔J〕.Soil & Tillage Research,2011,111:99-104.
〔4〕 Roldan A,Salinas-Garcí J R,Alguacil M M,et al.Changes in soil enzyme activity,fertility,aggregation and C sequestration mediated by conservation tillage practices and water regime in a maize field〔J〕.Applied Soil Ecology,2005,30:11-20.
〔5〕 张大鹏,范少辉,蔡春菊,等.川南不同退耕还竹林土壤团聚特征比较〔J〕.林业科学,2013,49(1):27-32.〔Zhang Dapeng,Fan Shaohui,Cai Chunju,et al.Soil aggregates of returning farmland to different bamboo forests in southern Sichuan Province〔J〕.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2013,49(1):27-32.〕
〔6〕 卢凌霄,宋同清,彭晚霞,等.喀斯特峰丛洼地原生林土壤团聚体有机碳的剖面分布〔J〕.应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1 167-1 174.〔Lu Lingxiao,Song Tongqing,Peng Wanxia,et al.Profile distribution of soil aggregates organic carbon in primary forests in Karst cluster-peak depression region〔J〕.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(5):1 167-1 174.〕
〔7〕 Poch R M,Antunez M.Aggregate development and organic matter storage in Mediterranean mountain soils〔J〕.Pedosphere,2010,20(6):702-710.
〔8〕 田义超,梁铭忠.黄土台塬区土地利用/覆被变化定量研究:以陕西省咸阳市台塬区为例〔J〕.干旱区研究,2013,30(3):563-569.〔Tian Yichao,Liang Mingzhong.Land use/cover change in loess tableland areas:A case study in the loess tableland areas in Xianyang,Shaanxi Province〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2013,30(3):563-569.〕
〔9〕 杨培玲,罗远培,石元春.用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤形态特征〔J〕.科学通报,1993,38(20):1 896-1 899.〔Yang Peiling,Luo Yuanpei,Shi Yuanchun.Using weight distribution of particle size to characterize soil morphology〔J〕.Chinese Science Bulletin,1993,38(20):1 896-1 899.〕
〔10〕祁迎春,王益权,刘军,等.不同土地利用方式土壤团聚体组成及几种团聚体稳定性指标的比较〔J〕.农业工程学报,2011,27(1):340-347.〔Qi Yingchun,Wang Yiquan,Liu Jun,et al.Comparative study on composition of soil aggregates with different land use patterns and several kinds of soil aggregate stability index〔J〕.Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(1):340-347.〕
〔11〕秦伟,朱清科,张岩.基于GIS和RUSLE的黄土高原小流域土壤侵蚀评估〔J〕.农业工程学报,2009,25(8):157-163.〔Qin Wei,Zhu Qingke,Zhang Yan.Soil erosion assessment of small watershed in Loess Plateau based on GIS and RUSLE〔J〕.Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(8):157-163.〕
〔12〕董莉丽,郑粉莉.黄土丘陵沟壑区植被类型对土壤质量的影响〔J〕.干旱区研究,2011,28(4):616-621.〔Dong Lili,Zheng Fenli.Effects of vegetation types on soil quality in the Loess Hilly-gully Region〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2011,28(4):616-621.〕
〔13〕刘艳,查同刚,王伊琨,等.北京地区栓皮栎和油松人工林土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳特征〔J〕.应用生态学报,2013,24(3):607-613.〔Liu Yan,Zha Tonggang,Wang Yikun,et al.Soil aggregate stability and soil organic carbon characteristics in Quercus variabilis and Pinus tabulaeformis plantations in Beijing area〔J〕.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(3):607－613.〕
〔14〕Lobe I,Sandhage-Hofmann A,Brodowski S,et al.Aggregate dynamics and associated soil organic matter contents as influenced by prolonged arable cropping in the South African Highveld〔J〕.Geoderma,2011,162:251-259.
〔15〕Schwendenmann L,Pendall E.Effects of forest conversion into grassland on soil aggregate structure and carbon storage in Panama:Evidence from soil carbon fractionation and stable isotopes〔J〕.Plant Soil,2006,288:217-232.
〔16〕杨莹莹,魏兆猛,黄丽,等.不同修复措施下红壤水稳性团聚体中有机质分布特征〔J〕.水土保持学报,2012,26(3):154-158.〔Yang Yingying,Wei Zhaomeng,Huang Li,et al.Distribution of organic matter in water stable aggregates of eroded red soil under different restoration measures〔J〕.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(3):154-158.〕
〔17〕于寒青,李勇,金发会,等.黄土高原植被恢复提高大于0.25 mm粒级水稳性团聚体在土壤增碳中的作用〔J〕.植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(4):876-883.〔Yu Hanqing,Li Yong,Jin Fahui,et al.The role of increasing soil water-stable aggregates with diameter＞0.25 mm by vegetation restoration in enhancement of soil organic carbon in the Loess Plateau〔J〕.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2012,18(4):876-883.〕
