水是干旱区野生动物所依存的重要生态因子,野生动物的生存与可利用水源和水质息息相关。为科学评价卡拉麦里山自然保护区(KNR)放归普氏野马活动区域水源的水质,对KNR野马野放区现存的3种水源:自然水源(NW)、改造水源(RW)和遗弃水源(AW)进行了系统调查与取样。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)和离子色谱(IC)分析水质。结果显示:F-、SO2-4和水中Na元素超标率较为严重,分别为60%、24%和28%。永久性自然水源中,Na元素和SO2-4浓度较高,超标率为100%。临时性自然水源中的多数离子/元素浓度低于永久性自然水源,但F-超标率达80%,显著高于其他水源。除Mg和Fe元素外,改造水源大多数离子/元素浓度与永久性自然水源相近。与遗弃水源相比较,除F-外,改造水源其他离子浓度均降低。总体上,离子浓度的趋势为遗弃水源>自然水源≈改造水源。本研究表明,3种水源中,临时性水源水质F-含量过高,在今后的改造中,应该注意除氟工作。改造水源从数量和质量上都有所改善,为野生动物利用的重要水源。因此,改造水源是有利于野生动物的,但应该由传统的粗放型向集约型转变,以减少遗弃水源的形成。
Water and water quality are the important factors for the survival of wild animals in arid area. In this study, three types of water sources, i.e. the reconstructed water sources (RW), artificial water sources (AW) and natural water sources (NW) in the released area of Equus przewalskii in the Kalamari Ungulate Nature Reserve, were systemically surveyed, the water samples were collected, and their quality was measured so as to scientifically assess water quality and conserve and manage the local wild animals in the nature reserve. ICP and IC were used to analyze water quality. High concentrations of Na, F- and SO2-4 were found in the local water sources, and their over-standard rates were 60%, 24% and 28% respectively. Na and SO2-4 concentrations in perpetual NWs were higher than their standards. Most ionic concentrations in the temporary NW were lower than those in the perpetual NW, except F- concentration which was 80% higher than the standard and much higher than that of other water sources. Except Mg and Fe, most ionic concentrations in the RW were similar to those in the perpetual NW. Compared with AW, the ionic concentrations in the RW were decreased except F- concentration. Holistically, the ionic concentrations were in an order of AW>NW≈RW. The results revealed that the F- concentration was high in the temporary NW, so it should be paid great attention to removing F- when reconstructing water sources. The volume and quality of RW are improved, and the RW are the most important water sources for wild animals in the nature reserve. So reconstruction of water sources is advantageous for wild animals, and it is suggested to do it from the extensive way to the intensive way so as to reduce the formation of AW.
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