In this study, the morphological features of spores of 10 plant species in 4 genera and 2 families, col-lected from the Kunlun Mountains in Xinjiang, were observed with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The 10 plant species were Encalypta alpina Smith. , Encalypta ciliata Hedw. , Encalypta rhabdocarpa Schwaegr. , Encalypta spathulata C. Müll. , Encalypta tianschanica J. -C. Zhao, R. -L. Hu, et al, S. He, Encal-ypta tibetana C. Müll. , Encalypta vulgaris Hedw. , Aloina rigida (Hedw.)Limpr. , Hilpertia scotteri (Zand. et Steer.)Zand, and Pterygoneurum ovatum (Hedw.)Dix. The results show that the spores are large, the spored-erms are very thin and easy to fold, and the ornamentations are obvious; the shapes, diameters and proximal face structures of the spores are different in the same genera and families, especially the shapes of the exine ornamenta-tions and distribution are all different. It could be helpful to provide the information for the system classification, e-volution of bryophytes and identification of fossil spores.