干旱区研究

干旱区研究 >

2025 , Vol. 42 >Issue 11: 2044 - 2057

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13866/j.azr.2025.11.08

水土资源

宁南山区坡面与覆被特征对侵蚀水动力及产沙过程的耦合影响

  • 陈凯 ,
  • 张祎 ,
  • 王兴 ,
  • 刘晓君 ,
  • 胡仁正 ,
  • 雷雪怡 ,
  • 范清华
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  • 1.宁夏大学生态环境学院，宁夏 银川 750021
    2.西安科技大学地质与环境学院，陕西 西安 710048
    3.宁夏大学农学院，宁夏 银川 750021
陈凯（2000-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤侵蚀及碳损失研究. E-mail: 17395125546@163.com
王兴. E-mail: wx08@nxu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2025-05-20

  修回日期: 2025-07-29

  网络出版日期: 2025-12-13

基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(42473069);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32171872);宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金优青项目(2024AAC05021);宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金优青项目(2024AAC05042);科技研发计划项目(XKYF2025-008)

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Coupled effects of slope and vegetation cover characteristics on hydrodynamic erosion forces and sediment yield processes in the southern Ningxia mountainous area

  • CHEN Kai ,
  • ZHANG Yi ,
  • WANG Xing ,
  • LIU Xiaojun ,
  • HU Renzheng ,
  • LEI Xueyi ,
  • FAN Qinghua
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  • 1. College of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
    2. Xi’an University of Science Technology, Xi’an 710048, Shaanxi, China
    3. College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China

Received date: 2025-05-20

  Revised date: 2025-07-29

  Online published: 2025-12-13

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摘要

为探究宁南山区典型植被坡面土壤侵蚀特征及其水动力学机制，采用控制变量法开展野外冲刷试验，系统分析了不同坡度（10°、15°、20°、25°）、不同土地利用类型（耕地、草地、灌木）和不同冲刷强度（4 L·min-1、8 L·min-1、16 L·min-1）对坡面侵蚀过程的影响。结果表明：（1） 同一土地利用类型下，坡度与冲刷强度对产沙量的影响随坡度增大呈现较为强烈的增长趋势，其中坡度对侵蚀过程表现出更为显著的促进作用。25°坡度、16 L·min-1冲刷强度组合下的耕地产沙量最大，达到15.64 kg；10°和4 L·min-1组合下的灌木产沙量最小，仅为0.03 kg。（2） 水动力参数与产沙量呈现显著相关性（P<0.05），但主导因子随冲刷环境条件改变，其中低冲刷强度4 L·min-1下草地和灌木单位水流功率贡献度均可达44.19%，而高冲刷强度16 L·min-1下各能量参数对产沙量的贡献度均接近于20.00%。（3） 因子交互作用呈现非线性演变特征，单因子直接作用在低冲刷强度4 L·min-1时贡献度较高，但随着冲刷强度增加到16 L·min-1，单因子主导性显著减弱，多因子交互作用贡献度增加。本研究可为区域水土保持措施的坡位配置优化提供理论支撑，对实现生态脆弱区侵蚀精准防控具有重要实践价值。

关键词： 宁南山区; 土壤侵蚀; 水动力参数; 交互作用

本文引用格式

陈凯 , 张祎 , 王兴 , 刘晓君 , 胡仁正 , 雷雪怡 , 范清华 . 宁南山区坡面与覆被特征对侵蚀水动力及产沙过程的耦合影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025 , 42(11) : 2044 -2057 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.11.08

Abstract

Through controlled field-scouring experiments, we examined the soil erosion dynamics and hydrodynamic mechanisms on slopes hosting different vegetation in the southern Ningxia mountainous area. Specifically, we quantify the synergistic effects of slope gradient (10°, 15°, 20°, 25°), vegetation cover type (barren land, grassland, shrubland), and scouring intensity (4, 8, 16 L·min-1) on the sediment yield. They key findings are as follows: (1) on slopes with the same vegetation type, the effects of slope gradient and scouring intensity on sediment yield intensify with increasing slope steepness, with slope gradient exerting the greatest promotional effect on the erosion process. The sediment yield was maximized (15.64 kg) on barren land with a 25° slope gradient and a scouring intensity of 16 L·min-1 and minimized (0.03 kg) on shrubland with a 10° slope angle and a scouring intensity of 4 L·min-1. (2) The hydrodynamic parameters are significantly correlated with sand production (P<0.05), but the dominant factor depends on the environmental flushing conditions. The water-flow power per unit can contribute up to 44.19% of the sand production on grassland and scrubland at low flushing intensity (4 L·min-1), whereas each energy parameter contributes nearly 20.00% at high flushing intensity (16 L·min-1). The factor interactions evolve nonlinearly: the contributions from direct single-factor effects dominate at low scouring intensity (4 L·min-1) but weaken with increasing scouring intensity (16 L·min-1) as the multifactor interactions gain prominence. This study can theoretically guide the optimization of slope configurations for regional soil and water conservation purposes and practically guide the precise prevention and control of erosion in ecologically fragile areas.

Key words： southern Ningxia mountainous area; soil erosion; hydrodynamic parameters; interaction effects

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