基于1972—2022年逐日降水资料、ERA5高分辨率逐月再分析资料，应用经验正交函数（Empirical Orthogonal Function，EOF）分解、合成分析等方法，分析山西北部地区极端降水年际和年代际变率特征。结果表明：（1） 山西北部10个极端降水指数空间分布特征为西南部高于东北部地区，而持续湿期日数（Consecutive Wet Days，CWD）中部大于东部和西部。2010年之后山西北部旱涝交替、极端事件频发。（2） 夏季极端降水偏多年，山西北部受贝加尔湖地区异常槽区底部控制，得到源于西太平洋、日本海、南海的水汽输送，对流层上层200 hPa存在辐散异常，垂直方向存在显著的上升运动异常，造成夏季极端降水增多、强度偏强。极端降水偏少年，山西北部受贝加尔湖较强的高压脊向东南方向发展影响，北方干冷空气南下阻挡水汽输送，对流层大气动力条件也不利于产生极端降水。（3） 在年代际时间尺度上，山西北部地区呈西南部极端降水偏多、东北部偏少的空间分布特征。极端降水多雨时段（2009—2016年），山西北部存在异常的偏北气流和局地气旋环流，有冷暖空气交汇，西南部地区有强的低空辐合和显著的上升运动异常，有利于极端降水增多；少雨时段（1982—1990年）的特征则相反。

Based on the daily precipitation data from 1972 to 2022 and the ERA5 high-resolution monthly reanalysis data, the empirical orthogonal function “decomposition” and synthetic analysis methods were applied to analyze the interannual and interdecadal variability characteristics of extreme precipitation in northern Shanxi Province. Among the 10 extreme precipitation indices in northern Shanxi Province, the spatial distribution characteristics were greater in the southwestern region than the northeastern region, while the duration of the wet period was greater in the central region than the eastern and western regions. After 2010, northern Shanxi Province experienced frequent extreme weather events with alternating droughts and floods. Extreme precipitation occurred during the summer over many years. Weather events in northern Shanxi Province are controlled by the bottom of an abnormal trough area in the Baikal Lake region, and water vapor is transported from the Western Pacific Ocean, the Sea of Japan, and the South China Sea. There is a divergence anomaly at 200 hPa in the upper troposphere and a significant upward movement anomaly in the vertical direction, resulting in an increased frequency and stronger intensity of extreme precipitation in summer. Extreme precipitation is expected to occur in northern Shanxi Province. Affected by the strong high-pressure ridge of Lake Baikal moving southeastward, dry cold air from the north moves southward, blocking the movement of water vapor. The dynamic conditions of the troposphere are not conducive to the generation of extreme precipitation. The decadal time scale revealed a spatial distribution characteristic of more extreme precipitation in the southwest region and less in the northeast region of northern Shanxi Province. During the period of extreme precipitation and heavy rainfall (2009-2016), the convergence of cold and warm air masses generated abnormal northerly airflows and local cyclone circulation in northern Shanxi Province. In the southwestern region, there were strong low-altitude convergence and significant upward movement anomalies, which were conducive to more frequent extreme precipitation. The characteristics of the period with less rainfall (1982-1990) were the opposite.