集团内捕食是食蚜天敌群落中常见的现象,而捕食性昆虫卵通常成为集团内的猎物。为探究新疆农田生态系统中捕食性昆虫集团内捕食的规律,以大草蛉(Chrysopa pallens)为对象,设置不同幼虫期(整个幼虫期、刚蜕皮的4龄幼虫)和食物类型〔七星瓢虫(Cocinellina septempuntata)卵、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)+七星瓢虫卵、棉蚜〕等2因素3水平的析因实验设计处理,观察比较大草蛉发育、存活参数。结果表明:食物类型与饲喂期存在显著互作,影响大草蛉幼虫发育至成虫的存活概率,即食物类型的影响程度取决于饲喂期的长短,虽然在整个幼虫期和4龄幼虫期处理下,存活率在“棉蚜”与“瓢虫卵+棉蚜”处理之间没有差异,但大于“瓢虫卵”处理下的存活率,但差异幅度不同:“整个幼虫饲喂”处理下的存活率大于“4龄期饲喂”处理。说明干旱环境中大草蛉幼虫无论早晚只捕食七星瓢虫卵均难以正常发育存活至成虫。
Intra-guild predation is widespread in the aphid natural enemy communities,and the eggs are mostly the intra-guild prey. When and what kinds of food is influential on the larval growth until imagoes of Chrysopa pallens from crop fields in arid ecosystems in Xinjiang were investigated,and the growth and survival parameters of C.pallens were observed and compared based on the different larval stages (from neonate to the 4th instar) and the different kinds of food (cotton aphids,cotton aphids plus 7-spot ladybird Cocinellina septempuntata eggs,and 7-spot ladybirds' eggs. The results showed that there was a significant interaction between foot kinds and feeding stages. Survival of C.pallens from the larval stage to the imago stage performed a similar pattern,and it was higher when fed with“aphids”and “aphids plus 7-spot ladybird eggs” than with“7-spot ladybird eggs”. The survival rate was lower with feeding stage treatments from neonate than from the 4th instar larvae. The results of this study suggested that it was difficult to accomplish the growth of C.pallens larvae either from neonate stage or imago stage by feeding with C.septempuntata eggs only.
〔1〕 杨海峰,马祁,徐遥.新疆棉田天敌的源库及其保护与扩增〔J〕.新疆农业科学,2001,38(1):1-3.〔Yang Haifeng,Ma Qi,Xu Yao.The source and sink of cotton nature enemies and it's protection,extension and increase in Xinjiang〔J〕.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2001,38(1):1-3.〕
〔2〕 郭玉杰,王念英,陈俊炜,等.不同稻田节肢动物群落中捕食者与猎物的种类和数量特征〔J〕.生物防治通报,1994,10(4):157-161.〔Guo Yujie,Wang Nianying,Chen Junwei,et al.Characteristic of the species richness and abundance of predators and preys in the arthropod community of three rice ecosystems in China〔J〕.Chinese Journal of Biological Control,1994,10(4):157-161.〕
〔3〕 李号宾,吴孔明,徐遥,等,南疆地区棉田蚜虫种群数量动态研究〔J〕.新疆农业科学,2008,45(4):670-675.〔Li Haobin,Wu Kongming,Xu Yao,et al.Dynamic analysis of population of cotton aphids in the South of Xinjiang〔J〕.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,200,45(4):670-675.〕
〔4〕 王伟,姚举,李号宾.棉田三种瓢虫对棉蚜的捕食功能反应〔J〕.中国生物防治,2008,24(增刊):15-20.〔Wang Wei,Yao Ju,Li Haobin.Predatory funetional responses of aphis by three ladybugs 〔J〕.Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2008,24(Suppl.):15-20.〕
〔5〕 Lucas E.Intraguild predation among aphidophagous predators〔J〕.European Joumal of Entomology,2005,102:351-364.
〔6〕 Polis G A,Myers C A,Holt R D.The ecology and evolution of intraguild predation:Potential competitors〔J〕.Annual Review Ecology Systematics,1989,20:297-330.
〔7〕 Kajitay,obrycki J J,slogett J J,et al.Intraspecific alkaloid variation in ladybird eggs and its effects on con and hetero-specific in traguild predators〔J〕.Oecologia,2010,163:313-322.
〔8〕 杨海峰,王惠珍,马祁.新疆棉花害虫天敌的发生规律及控制效应〔J〕.八一农学院学报,1986(2):39-45.〔Yang Haifeng,Wang Huizhen,Ma Qi.Occurrence and control effect of cotton insect natural enemies 〔J〕.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,1986(2):39-45.〕
〔9〕 Omkar P,Gupta A K.Role of surface chemicals in egg cannibalism and intraguild predation by neonates of two aphidophagous ladybirds,Propylaea dissecta and Coccinella transversalis〔J〕.Journal of Applied Entomology,2004,128:691-695.
〔10〕Phoofolo M W,Obrycki J J.Potential for intraguild predation and competition among predatory Coccinellidae and Chrysopidae〔J〕.Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,1998,89:47-55.
〔11〕King A G,Meinwald J.Review of the defensive chemistry of coccinellids〔J〕.Review of the Defensive Chemistry of Coccinellids,1996,96:1 105-1 122.
〔12〕Laurent P,Braekman J C,Daloze D,et al.In vitro production of adaline and coccinelline,two defensive alkaloids from ladybird beetles (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)〔J〕.Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2002,32:1 017-1 023.
〔13〕Daloze D,Braekman J C,Pasteels J M.Ladybird defense alkaloids:Structural,chemotaxonomic and biosynthetic aspects (Col.:Coccinellidae)〔J〕.Chemoecology,1995,5(6):173-183.
〔14〕Hemptinne J L,Magro A,Saladin C L,et al.Role of intraguild predation in aphidophagous guilds〔J〕.Journal of Applied Entomology,2012,136:161-167.
〔15〕Sloggett J J,Haynes K F,Obrycki J J.Hidden costs to an invasive intraguild predator from chemically defended native prey〔J〕.Oikos,2009a,118:1 396-1 404.
〔16〕Sloggett J J,Obrycki J J,Haynes K F.Identification and quantification of predation:Novel use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of prey alkaloid markers〔J〕.Functional Ecology,2009b,23:416-426.
〔17〕Shefali Srivastava,Omkar.Antennal of Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)observed with scanning electron microscope〔J〕.Entomologia Sinica,2003,4:268-276.
