干旱区研究

干旱区研究 >

2018 , Vol. 35 >Issue 6: 1505 - 1511

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13866/j.azr.2018.06.29

其他

呼伦贝尔沙质草原风蚀坑地表风沙流结构特征

  • 张惜伟 ,
  • 汪季 ,
  • 海春兴 ,
  • 丁延龙 ,
  • 宝成
展开
  • 1.内蒙古师范大学,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022;
    2.内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010019;
    3.陈巴尔虎旗林业局,内蒙古 巴彦库仁镇 021500
张惜伟(1980- ),女,副教授,博士,研究方向为荒漠化防治. E-mail: zxw1228@126.com
汪季. E-mail: wangji1957@163.com

收稿日期: 2018-01-24

  修回日期: 2018-06-20

  网络出版日期: 2025-11-18

基金资助

国家重点研发计划课题:绿洲、盐碱湖区沙害防治关键技术研究与示范(2016YFC0501003)

收起

Structure of Drifting Sand Flow over the Surface of Blowouts in the Hulun Buir Sandy Grasslands

  • ZHANG Xi-wei ,
  • WANG Ji ,
  • HAI Chun-xing ,
  • DING Yan-long ,
  • BAO Cheng
Expand
  • 1. Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, Inner Mongolia,China;
    2. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia,China;
    3. Forestry Bureau of Old Barag Banner, Bayan Kukuen 021500, Inner Mongolia, China

Received date: 2018-01-24

  Revised date: 2018-06-20

  Online published: 2025-11-18

Fold

摘要

在呼伦贝尔沙质草原北部沙带中段风蚀坑集中分布区内,选取不同发育阶段的风蚀坑,通过同步观测风蚀坑地表(0～200 cm)风速及输沙通量,分析并比较风沙流结构特征,为呼伦贝尔沙质草原风蚀坑治理提供理论依据。研究表明:在裸地沙斑、活跃发展、固定阶段及重新活化阶段的风蚀坑,风速廓线基本遵循对数分布规律;而在未风蚀草地、消亡阶段的风蚀坑,气流受下垫面扰动,呈“S”形分布。风蚀坑各发育阶段输沙量与高度的最优拟合模型为负指数模型,不同发育阶段风蚀坑内部风沙流输沙量差异较为明显;超过95%的输沙量均在地表0～30 cm高度内,且63.97%～90.96% 的输沙量集中分布在距地表10 cm高度内。风沙流跃移高度与风速正相关,依次为:活跃发展>重新活化>裸地沙斑>固定阶段>消亡阶段>未风蚀草地。通过分析风沙流通量系数,可知在裸地沙斑、活跃发展及重新活化阶段,输沙量有向高层移动的趋势;而在其他阶段,由于植被盖度较高,使得风沙流多集中在近地层。

关键词： 风沙流结构; 输沙通量; 风蚀坑; 沙质草原; 呼伦贝尔

本文引用格式

张惜伟 , 汪季 , 海春兴 , 丁延龙 , 宝成 . 呼伦贝尔沙质草原风蚀坑地表风沙流结构特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018 , 35(6) : 1505 -1511 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2018.06.29

Abstract

The blowouts at different development stages in the northern sandy zone of the Hulunbuir sandy grasslands were selected to analyze and compare the structure of drifting sand flow based on the simultaneous observation of wind-sand flux over blowout surface (0-200 cm). The purpose of the study was to provide a theoretical basis for wind erosion control in sandy grasslands. The results showed that the wind profiles were in a logarithmic distribution in the sand patches at their different development stages, while the un-eroded grasslands and the blowouts at their extinction stage were in an “S-shaped” distribution because the air flow was disturbed by the underlying surface. The optimal fitting model for sand flux and height over blowout at each development stage was a negative exponential model, and the difference of sand flux in blowout at different development stages was obvious. More than 95% sand flux was distributed within a height of 0-30 cm from the land surface, and 63.97%-90.96% sand flux was distributed in 10 cm height. The sand saltation height was positively correlated with wind speed and in an order of active development>reactivation stage>sand patch>fixed stage>extinction stage>un-eroded grassland. The analyzed results of sand flux coefficient revealed that the high value of sand flux moved upwards over sand patch at the active development and reactivation stages, and the wind-blown sand flux concentrated near ground because of the high vegetation coverage.

Key words： structure of drifting sand flow; sand flux; blowout; sandy grassland; Hulun Buir

参考文献

〔1〕 吴正.风沙地貌及治沙工程学〔M〕.北京:科学出版社,2003:61-69.〔Wu Zheng.Aeolian Geomorphology and Sand Control Engineering〔M〕.Beijing:Science Press,2003:61-69.〕
〔2〕 Bagnold R A.The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes〔M〕.London:Methuen,1941:265.
〔3〕 董玉祥,Hesp P A,Namikas S L,等.海岸横向沙脊表面风沙流结构的野外观测研究〔J〕.地理科学,2008,28(4):507-512.〔Dong Yuxiang,Hesp P A,Namikas S L,et al.Field measurements of structure of wind sand flow on coastal transverse ridge in China〔J〕.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008,28(4):507-512.〕
〔4〕 Wang X,Dong Z,Qu J,et al.Dynamic processes of a simple linear dune:A study in the Taklimakan Sand Sea,China〔J〕.Geomorphology,2003,52(3-4):233-241.
〔5〕 张正偲,董治宝.腾格里沙漠东南部野外风沙流观测〔J〕.中国沙漠,2013,33(4):973-980.〔Zhang Zhengcai,Dong Zhibao.Field observation of aeolian sediment flux in the southeast Tengger Desert〔J〕.Journal of Desert Research,2013,33(4):973-980.〕
〔6〕 哈斯.腾格里沙漠东南缘沙丘表面风沙流结构变异的初步研究〔J〕.科学通报,2004,49(11):1 099-1 104.〔Hasi Eerdun.The preliminary study on sand dunes flow structure variation in the southeast Tengger Desert〔J〕.Chinese Science Bulletin,2004,49(11):1 099-1 104.〕
〔7〕 韩致文,缑倩倩,杜鹤强,等.新月形沙丘表面100 cm高度内风沙流输沙量垂直分布函数分段拟合〔J〕.地理科学,2012,32(7):892-897.〔Han Zhiwen,Gou Qianqian,Du Heqiang,et al.The piecewise fitting of sand flux vertical distribution of wind-sand flow within 100 cm height above the barchan dune surface〔J〕.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(7):892-897.〕
〔8〕 Hesp P A.Flow dynamics in a trough blowout〔J〕.Boundary-Layer Meteorology,1996,77(3-4):305-330.
〔9〕 李双权,哈斯,杜会石,等.沙质草地碟形风蚀坑形态-气流相互作用〔J〕.中国沙漠,2012,32(5):1 201-1 209.〔Li Shuangquan,Hasi Eerdun,Du Huishi,et al.Interaction between airflow and shape of saucer blowout in sandy grassland〔J〕.Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(5):1 201-1 209.〕
〔10〕吴正.风沙地貌学〔M〕.北京:科学出版社,1987.〔Wu Zheng.Aeolian Geomorphology〔M〕.Beijing:Science Press,1987.〕
〔11〕庄燕美,哈斯.沙丘风蚀坑的形态及动力过程的研究进展〔J〕.干旱区地理,2005,28(5):632-637.〔Zhuang Yanmei,Hasi Eerdun.Progress of the study on shapes and dynamical process of blowouts on dunes〔J〕.Arid Land Geography,2005,28(5):632-637.〕
〔12〕Dong Z B,Liu X P,Wang H T,et al.The flux profile of a blowing sand cloud:A wind tunnel investigation〔J〕.Geomorphology,2003,49(3):219-230.
〔13〕孙禹,杜会石,刘美萍,等.风蚀坑形态-动力学研究进展〔J〕.地理科学,2015,35(7):122-125.〔Sun Yu,Du Huishi,Liu Meiping,et al.A review on morphodynamic processes of blowouts〔J〕.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2015,35(7):122-125.〕
〔14〕石占飞,王力,王建国.陕北神木矿区土壤颗粒体积分形特征及意义〔J〕.干旱区研究,2011,28(3):394-400.〔Shi Zhanfei,Wang Li,Wang Jianguo.Volume fractal characteristics and significance of soil particles in the Shenmu colliery in north Shaanxi Province〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2011,28(3):394-400.〕
〔15〕樊立娟,胡广录,廖亚鑫,等.河西走廊斑块植被区表层土壤粒径及其分形维数的空间变异特征〔J〕.干旱区研究,2015,32(6):1 068-1 075.〔Fan Lijuan,Hu Guanglu,Liao Yaxin,et al.Spatial variability of soil particle size and its fractal dimension of patchy vegetation in Hexi Corridor〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2015,32(6):1 068-1 075.〕
〔16〕Stout J E,Zobeck T M.The wolfforth field experiment:A wind erosion study〔J〕.Soil Science,1996,161(9):616-632.
〔17〕Gao Y,Dang X H,Yu Y,et al.Effects of tillage methods on soil carbon and wind erosion〔J〕.Land Degradation and Development,2016,27(3):583-591.
〔18〕李双权,哈斯,马玉凤,等.沙质草地风蚀坑动态演变特征〔J〕.干旱区研究,2014,31(5):955-960.〔Li Shuangquan,Hasi Eerdun,Ma Yufeng,et al.Dynamic evolution of blowouts in sandy grassland〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2014,31(5):955-960.〕
〔19〕张德平,冯宗炜.呼伦贝尔草原沙漠化现状、潜在危险及对策〔J〕.北方经济,2006(8):23-24.〔Zhang Deping,Feng Zongwei.Desertification status,potential hazards and countermeasures in Hulun Buir Grassland〔J〕.Northern Economy,2006(8):23-24.〕
〔20〕张德平,王效科,哈斯,等.呼伦贝尔沙质草原风蚀坑研究(1)——形态、分类、研究意义〔J〕.中国沙漠,2006,26(6):894-902.〔Zhang Deping,Wang Xiaoke,Hasi Eerdun,et al.Study on blowouts(1):Morphology,classification and research significance in Hulun Buir Sandy Grassland〔J〕.Journal of Desert Research,2006,26(6):894-902.〕
〔21〕康永德,何清,杨兴华,等.基于野外观测的风沙流跃移和蠕移运动规律研究〔J〕.干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(5):119-125.〔Kang Yongde,He Qing,Yang Xinghua,et al.Research on saltation and creeping laws of wind-blown currents based on field observations〔J〕.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(5):119-125.〕
〔22〕周颖,曹月娥,杨建军,等.古尔班通古特沙漠东缘风沙流结构特征〔J〕.水土保持学报,2016,30(3):78-83.〔Zhou Ying,Cao Yue’e,Yang Jianjun,et al.Sand flow structure characteristics in east of Gurbantünggüt Desert〔J〕.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(3):78-83.〕
〔23〕熊敏,何清,杨兴华,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠平坦沙地风沙流结构的空间差异性研究〔J〕.信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2017,30(3):412-416.〔Xiong Min,He Qing,Yang Xinghua,et al.The spatial difference of wind sand flow structure over a flat sandy surface of the Taklimakan Desert〔J〕.Journal of Xinyang Normal Univercity(Natural Science Edition),2017,30(3):412-416.〕
〔24〕刘芳,郝玉光,辛智鸣,等.乌兰布和沙漠东北缘地表风沙流结构特征〔J〕.中国沙漠,2014,34(5):1 200-1 207.〔Liu Fang,Hao Yuguang,Xin Zhiming,et al.The surface aeolian-sand flow structure in the northeastern margin of the Ulanbuh Desert〔J〕.Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(5):1 200-1 207.〕
〔25〕Owen P R.Saltation of uniform grains in air〔J〕.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2006,20(2):225-242.
〔26〕赵彩霞,郑大玮,何文清.植被盖度的时间变化及其防风蚀效应〔J〕.植物生态学报,2005,29(1):68-73.〔Zhao Caixia,Zheng Dawei,He Wenqing.Vagetation cover changes over time and its effects on resistance to wind erosion〔J〕.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2005,29(1):68-73.〕
〔27〕张惜伟,汪季,高永,等.呼伦贝尔沙质草原风蚀坑表层土壤粒度特征〔J〕.干旱区研究,2017,34(2):293-299.〔Zhang Xiwei,Wang Ji,Gao Yong,et al.Soil grain size characteristics in blowouts in the Hulun Buir Sandy Grassland〔J〕.Arid Zone Research,2017,34(2):293-299.〕
〔28〕冯大军,倪晋仁,李振山.风沙流中沙粒粒度的垂直和水平分布特征〔J〕.泥沙研究,2008,53(5):22-30.〔Feng Dajun,Ni Jinren,Li Zhenshan.Vertical and horizontal profiles of grain size in aeolian sand transport〔J〕.Journal of Sediment Research,2008,53(5):22-30.〕
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉