利用青海省50个地面气象站1961—2015年逐日沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘资料,采用趋势分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验、IDW插值法,分析了青海省沙尘天气的年、年际、季节动态变化趋势及空间分布格局。结果表明: ① 1961—2015年青海省沙尘日数整体呈波动下降态势,减速为3.42 d·a-1(P <0.01),浮尘日数减速最大,其次是扬沙日数,沙尘暴最小。期间不论强度大小,均表现为先上升后下降的过程,沙尘日数以1976年为转折点开始减少,到1994年发生突变,且人口剧增、土地利用加剧的20世纪70年代为多发年代。② 沙尘日数的季节变化从春季到冬季呈“V”字形变化,春季＞冬季＞夏季＞秋季,沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘日数在11月至次年7月减少趋势达到0.01显著性水平,8—10月达0.05显著性水平。③ 青海省沙尘暴和浮尘频发中心位于柴达木盆地,扬沙频发中心位于昆仑山以南的五道梁地区,全省沙尘天气主要为扬沙。
The interannual,decadal and seasonal temporal changes of dust weather were analyzed with the regression method and Mann-Kendall test based on the daily dust weather data observed by 50 meteorological stations over Qinghai Province of China during the period from 1961 to 2015,and the spatial variations of dust weather at different levles were researched using the Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation.The results are as follows: ① The dust weather days were in a decrease trend in a fluctuation way during the period from 1961 to 2015,and the annual mean dust weather days increased by 3.42 d·a-1 (P<0.01).The decrease speed of floating dust days was the highest,and that of dust storm days was the lowest.During the 55 years,the days of three kinds of dust events increased at first,and then decreased.The days of dust weather began to decrease from 1976.The abrupt change of dust weather days occurred in 1994,and dust weather occurred froquently in the 1970s with population growth and land use intensification; ② Curve of the seasonal variation of dust weather days was “V-shaped” from spring to winter,that was to say,the most dust weather days appeared in spring and winter,and then in summer and autumn.The decrease trend of the days of dust storm,blowing dust and floating dust were significantly high from November to next July (α=0.01),and slightly high from October to September (α=0.01); ③ Dust storm and float dust generally occurred most frequently in the Qaidam Basin.The center of frequent occurrence of blowing dust was in Wudaoliang south of the Kunlun Mountains,and the dust weather was dominated by blowing dust in Qinghai.
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