干旱区研究

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2025 , Vol. 42 >Issue 10: 1899 - 1912

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13866/j.azr.2025.10.13

生态与环境

宁夏太阳山风电场鸟类群落多样性及其影响因素

  • 杨英 ,
  • 李沁 ,
  • 王源 ,
  • 杨贵军 ,
  • 田进花 ,
  • 李雄 ,
  • 张大治
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  • 1.宁夏大学生命科学学院，宁夏 银川 750021
    2.华能宁夏能源有限公司，宁夏 银川 750004
杨英（1992-），女，博士，讲师，主要从事环境动物方面的研究. E-mail: yangy5773@nxu.edu.cn
张大治. E-mail: zdz313@nxu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2025-04-11

  修回日期: 2025-06-21

  网络出版日期: 2025-10-22

基金资助

宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2023BEG02048)

收起

Bird community diversity and influencing factors in the Taiyangshan wind farm of Ningxia

  • YANG Ying ,
  • LI Qin ,
  • WANG Yuan ,
  • YANG Guijun ,
  • TIAN Jinhua ,
  • LI Xiong ,
  • ZHANG Dazhi
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  • 1. College of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
    2. China Huaneng Ningxia Energy Company Limited, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China

Received date: 2025-04-11

  Revised date: 2025-06-21

  Online published: 2025-10-22

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摘要

西北荒漠半荒漠草原地区是我国风能资源富集区，集中式大型风电场运行会对鸟类产生怎样的影响，且其主要影响因素尚未得到关注。于2024年春季和秋季，采用栅格抽样法对宁夏太阳山风电场的鸟类多样性及其相关环境因子进行了调查研究。结果表明：风电栅格鸟类群落多样性特征指标低于对照栅格；风电机组密度和额定功率显著影响鸟类群落多样性，中等额定功率（2000 kW）风电机组所在区域鸟类多样性水平相对较高；风电机组运行产生的噪声强度并未对鸟类多样性产生明显影响，而电磁辐射强度显著影响春季鸟类群落的均匀度；与风电机组的距离是影响鸟类群落多样性的首要因素，鸟类对风电机组存在一定的规避效应，此外，风电机组尺寸、植物丰富度和高度等也是影响太阳山风电场鸟类多样性的重要因素。因此，在荒漠半荒漠草原地区风电场规划与建设过程中，可通过增加间距降低风电机组密度、优先架设中等额定功率的风电机组、定向提升风电场内部植被丰富度与平均高度等实现鸟类多样性保护与绿色能源开发的协同优化。

关键词： 风电场; 鸟类多样性; 环境因子; 半荒漠草原; 宁夏

本文引用格式

杨英 , 李沁 , 王源 , 杨贵军 , 田进花 , 李雄 , 张大治 . 宁夏太阳山风电场鸟类群落多样性及其影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025 , 42(10) : 1899 -1912 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.10.13

Abstract

The desert and semi-desert grassland zones in northwestern China are regions of high wind energy potential. However, the impacts of large-scale centralized wind farms on bird populations and their key influencing factors are not fully understood. This study investigated the bird communities and associated environmental factors using a grid sampling approach in the Ningxia Taiyangshan wind farm, during the spring and autumn of 2024. The results showed that the bird community diversity in wind farm grids was lower than that in the control grids. Wind turbine density and rated power significantly influenced bird community diversity, with regions containing wind turbines of medium rated power (2000 kW) exhibiting higher bird community diversity. However, the intensity of noise due to wind farm operation had no significant effect on bird community diversity, whereas electromagnetic radiation levels were significantly correlated with the Pielou evenness index of birds during the spring season. Distance to the nearest wind turbine was identified as the primary factor influencing bird community diversity, as avian species exhibit a certain degree of avoidance behavior toward wind turbines. Additionally, wind turbine size, flora richness, and plant height were the key factors affecting bird diversity. Therefore, in the planning and construction of wind farms in desert and semi-desert grassland zones, synergistic optimization of bird biodiversity conservation and green energy development can be achieved by increasing the spacing between turbines to reduce turbine density, prioritizing the installation of wind turbines with medium-rated power capacity, and implementing targeted enhancement of plant species richness and average plant height within wind farm areas.

Key words： wind farm; bird diversity; environmental factors; semi-desert grassland; Ningxia

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