探究樟子松林土壤和根内真菌泛化种和特化种群落结构、功能差异及其与土壤理化性质的关系，旨在揭示影响樟子松林生态系统功能的关键微生物学机制。以呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松天然林和人工林（24 a、35 a、44 a）为研究对象，采用高通量测序技术解析土壤和根内真菌泛化种和特化种群落结构和功能类群差异。 结果表明：（1） 土壤和根内真菌泛化种共同保留169个OTU，土壤真菌特化种保留了603个OTU，根内真菌特化种保留了216个OTU；土壤真菌泛化种优势属为口蘑属Tricholoma和乳牛杆菌属Suillus，根内真菌泛化种优势属为口蘑属、乳牛肝菌属和Cadophora，土壤真菌特化种优势属为青霉属Penicillium，根内真菌特化种优势属为Acephala。（2） 土壤真菌泛化种共生营养型真菌占比28.49%~47.21%，优势生态功能群是外生菌根真菌，随林龄呈先增加后减少的趋势；土壤真菌特化种腐生营养型真菌占比17.01%~40.01%，与天然林相比，人工林腐生营养型真菌相对丰度低于天然林，并且随林龄增加，腐生营养型真菌呈先下降后回升的趋势；根内真菌特化种共生营养型占比43.25%~54.45%，优势生态功能群是外生菌根真菌，随林龄增加呈增加趋势，天然林相对丰度高于人工林。（3） 樟子松天然林土壤有机质、有效磷含量显著高于人工林（P<0.05），随林龄升高，人工林土壤有机质、全磷、有效氮和有效磷显著增加（P<0.05），土壤pH降低但不显著（P>0.05）；泛化种与土壤有机质、铵态氮和全钾显著相关（P<0.05）；根内特化种除了与上述因子显著相关（P<0.05）还与土壤全氮显著相关（P<0.05）；土壤特化种则与全钾、速效氮及硝态氮显著相关（P<0.05）。樟子松林真菌群落结构的驱动因子呈现显著的生态位分化特征，研究结果有助于深入理解呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松林土壤和根内真菌生态功能，为樟子松林的可持续管理与保护提供科学依据。

This study investigated the community structure and function of generalized and specialized fungal species (GFS and SFS, respectively) in the soil and roots of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forests and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties, aiming to identify key microbial mechanisms affecting ecosystem functioning in P. sylvestris var. mongolica forests. Using high-throughput sequencing technology, we analyzed the differences in the community structure and functional groups of GFS and SFS in the soil and roots of natural forests and plantations (24 a, 35 a, 44 a) of P. sylvestris var. mongolica in the Hulunbuir Desert. The results were as follows: (1) The soil and root-associated GFS retained 169 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in total, the soil SFS retained 603 OTUs, and the root-associated SFS retained 216 OTUs, including Tricholoma and Suillus in soil GFS; and Tricholoma, Suillus, and Cadophora in root-associated GFS; Penicillium in soil SFS; and Acephala in root-associated SFS. (2) The relative abundance of symbiotic nutritive fungi accounted for 28.49%-47.21% of soil GFS, and the dominant ecological functional group was ectomycorrhizal fungi, which showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with forest age. Saprophytic nutritive fungi accounted for 17.01%-40.01% of soil SFS. The relative abundance of saprophytic nutritive fungi in plantation forests was lower than that in natural forests, and it showed a tendency of increasing and decreasing followed by increasing with forest age. Symbiotic trophic fungi accounted for 43.25%-54.45% of the root-associated GFS; the dominant ecological functional group was ectomycorrhizal fungi, which showed an increasing trend with increasing forest age, and the relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in natural forests was higher than that in plantation forests. (3) The soil organic matter and available phosphorus content of natural P. sylvestris var. mongolica forests were significantly higher than those of plantation forests (P<0.05). In plantation forests, with increasing forest age, the soil organic matter (SOM), total phosphorus (TP), available nitrogen (AN), and available phosphorus in the soil increased significantly (P<0.05), whereas the soil pH decreased but not significantly (P>0.05). GFS was mainly dominated by SOM, soil NH₄⁺-N, and TP (P< 0.05). Furthermore, the community variability of root-associated SFS was regulated by total nitrogen (P<0.05), whereas soil SFS was significantly affected by only TP, AN, and NO₃^--N (P<0.05). The drivers of fungal community structure showed significant ecological niche differentiation. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the ecological functions of fungi in the soil and roots of P. sylvestris var. mongolica forests, providing a basis for the sustainable management and protection of P. sylvestris var. mongolica forests in the Hulunbuir Desert.